The Central Nervous System

1. The CentralNervousSystem

3. Touch Neuron to review • http://www.childrenshospital.org/research/_neuron/index.html http://www.childrenshospital.org/research/_neuron/index.html

5. The Nervous System

6. Central Nervous System (CNS) • The brain and spinal cord • The brain is the location of most information processing. • The spinal cord is the main pathway to and from the brain.

7. Spinal Cord

8. Divisions of the Nervous System

9. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) • The sensory and motor nerves that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body • Peripheral means “outer region” • The system is subdivided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

10. Divisions of the Nervous System

11. Somatic Nervous System • The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles(remember “soma”= body) • Contains the motor nerves needed for the voluntary muscles

12. Divisions of the Nervous System

13. Autonomic Nervous System • The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs • Monitors the autonomic functions • Controls breathing, blood pressure, and digestive processes • Divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

14. Divisions of the Nervous System

15. Sympathetic Nervous System • The part of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body to deal with perceived threats and stress

16. Divisions of the Nervous System

17. Parasympathetic Nervous System • The part of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body • Brings the body back down to a relaxed state

18. Divisions of the Nervous System

19. The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

20. The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

21. The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

22. The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

23. The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

24. The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

25. The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

26. The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems • Physical Responses

27. THE BRAIN

29. How Do We Study The Brain?

30. Electroencephalogram (EEG) • Electrodes are placed on the scalp that amplify recordings of the waves of electrical activity across the brain’s surface

32. Computed Tomography (CT or CAT Scan) • A series of X-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of the brain

35. Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan) • A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task

37. PET Scans show brain activity

39. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) • A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that allow us to see structures within the brain

42. Accidents • Case study analysis of victims of suffer from a brain injury, resulting in variations in normal behavior • IE. Phineas Gage

43. Lesions • Lesioning is the removal or destruction of part of the brain. • IE. Lobotomy

44. THE BRAIN AND ITS FUNCTIONS

45. I. The Hindbrain

47. The hindbrain is the oldest and innermost region of the brain

48. The functions of the hindbrain are mostly done outside of our awareness, and occur without any conscious effort.

49. The functions of the hindbrain control basic biological functions that keep the human body alive.

50. There are three brain areas associated with the Hindbrain: • Medulla • Cerebellum • Pons