1 / 19

SPEECH ACTS & EVENTS

pragmatics. SPEECH ACTS & EVENTS. SPEECH ACTS. Speech acts: Actions performed via utterances. Locutionary acts Illocutionary acts Perlocutionary acts. Locutionary acts. Performed via producing a meaning linguistic expression. Illocutionary acts.

luyu
Download Presentation

SPEECH ACTS & EVENTS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. pragmatics SPEECH ACTS & EVENTS

  2. SPEECH ACTS

  3. Speech acts: Actions performed via utterances • Locutionary acts • Illocutionary acts • Perlocutionary acts

  4. Locutionary acts • Performed via producing a meaning linguistic expression

  5. Illocutionary acts • Performed via the communicative force of an utterance

  6. Perlocutionary acts • Performed via the effect of the utterance on the hearer.

  7. Problem • The same utterance can potentially have quite different illocutionary acts • How can speakers assume that the intended illocutionary act will be recognized by the hearer?

  8. Solution • Illocutionary Force Indicating Device (IFID) • Felicity conditions

  9. Illocutionary Force Indicating Device (IFID) • Performative verbs • Used in a simple positive present tense sentence • 1st person singular subject • I promise… • I sentence you… • I apologize…

  10. Test of performative verbs • I hereby V … • I _______ name the ship ‘Elizabeth’. • I _______ warn you not to sleep in class. • I _______ believe that there’s no Santa Claus.

  11. Felicity conditions • The appropriate circumstances for the performance of a speech act to be recognized.

  12. Felicity conditions “I promise to see you tomorrow’. • General conditions • The utterance is understood. • Content conditions • The content of the utterance is about a future event and the speaker is committed to the act. • Preparatory conditions • The event does not happen by itself. • The event will have a beneficial effect. • Sincerity conditions • The speaker does have a genuine intention to carry out the future act. • Essential conditions • The utterance changes the speaker’s state from non-obligation to obligation

  13. The performative hypothesis • To assume that every utterance (U) underlies a clause that contains a performative verb, which make the illocutionary forces explicit. • I (hereby) Vperformative you (that) U • Open the door. • Implicit/primary performatives • I hereby order you that you open the door. • Explicit performatives

  14. Speech act classification • Declarations • Representatives • Expressives • Directives • Commissives

  15. Declarations • The speech acts that change the state of the world via utterances. • I now pronounce you husband and wife • We find the defendant guilty.

  16. Representatives • The speech acts that states what the speaker believes to be the case or not. • Statements of fact, assertions, conclusions, and descriptions • The world is flat. • It is a sunny day.

  17. Expressives • The speech acts that state what the speaker feels. • Psychological stats (pleasure, pain, likes, joy, sorrow…) • I am sorry. • Congratulations.

  18. Directives • The speech acts used by the speaker to get someone else to do something. • Commands, orders, requests, suggestions. • Go away!

  19. Commissives • The speech acts that speakers use to commit themselves to some future actions • Promises, threats, refusals, pledges. • I can’t do that.

More Related