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Phylum – Porifera The Sponges Read 130-133

Phylum – Porifera The Sponges Read 130-133. The Sponges – Phylum Porifera. Kingdom – Animalia Subkingdom – Parazoa (lacks tissues) Phylum – Porifera (pores). Taxonomy. Porifera Porus (pore) + Fera (bearing) Simplest of all animals

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Phylum – Porifera The Sponges Read 130-133

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  1. Phylum – PoriferaThe Sponges Read 130-133

  2. The Sponges – Phylum Porifera

  3. Kingdom – Animalia Subkingdom – Parazoa (lacks tissues) Phylum – Porifera (pores) Taxonomy

  4. Porifera Porus (pore) + Fera(bearing) Simplest of all animals Contain specialized cells but no other organization level Most are marine Saltwater sponges are brightly colored Characteristics

  5. Freshwater sponges are small and dull green color Size – 2 meters to 2 cm No nerves - therefore - No coordinated movement Single or colonial Characteristics

  6. Water enters through pores bringing in food and oxygen Filter feeders on plankton Osculum – large opening at the top where excess water leaves Characteristics

  7. Draw or trace diagram of a sponge from page 131 in your text book

  8. WATER OUT Water Flow Through the Sponge WATER IN Osculum

  9. Asymmetrical Sessile as adults (attach to rocks) Free-swimming larval stage called Dipleurula Also reproduce by fragmentation (pieces break off & form a new sponge) Characteristics

  10. Inside body cavity of sponge is hollow Called the Spongocoel Have 2 cell layers: Outer epidermis Inner endoderm Jelly-like material between cell layers called mesenchyme Sponge Body Structure

  11. Collar cells Collar cells • Collar Cells line the gastrovascular cavity & capture food • Amebocytes digest & distribute food

  12. Collar cells line inside of body cavity (spongocoel) Have flagella that spins to pull in water & food Collar traps plankton (food) from water Specialized Cells Collar Collar cells

  13. Amebocytes: Pick up food from collar cells Finish digestion Move through the mesenchyme & take food to other cells Other Specialized Cells

  14. Skeleton made of network of protein fibers called Spongin Spicules are hard spear or star-shaped structures Spicules made of CaCO3(limestone) or silicaSiO2(glass) Skeletal Structure of the Sponge

  15. Sponge Skeletons Silica Spicules Limestone Spicules SPONGIN

  16. Sponge Skeletons VENUS FLOWER BASKET SPICULES

  17. Spicule type determines classification Phylum Porifera Class: Calcarea (calcerous sponges having spicules)

  18. Phylum Porifera Class: Demosponginae (horn sponges, like the bath sponge)

  19. Phylum Porifera Class: Scleropongiae (coralline or tropical reef sponges)

  20. Phylum Porifera Class: Hexactinellida (glass sponges).

  21. Sponges can regenerate (regrow) lost body parts through mitotic cell division (asexual) Sponges also reproduce asexually by budding Sponge Reproduction

  22. Sponges are hermaphrodites (produce both eggs & sperm) Sponges reproduce Sexually by releasing eggs & sperm into the water from the Osculum Cross-fertilize each other’s eggs Sponge Reproduction Sponge releasing eggs & sperm

  23. Gemmulesare specialized buds made to survive harsh weather (hot or cold) Contain food, amebocytes, and a protective covering of spicules Released when a sponge dies Resist dessication (drying out) Become adult sponge conditions become favorable Surviving Harsh Conditions

  24. Filter Feeders Collar cells collect particles as they pass through the Pore Cells Items consumed are Resist d diatoms, protozoans, bacteria nad organic matter Feeding

  25. Branching Tube Sponge

  26. Stove Pipe Sponge

  27. Vase Sponges

  28. Barrel Sponges

  29. Ball Sponges

  30. Rope Sponges

  31. Reefs provide habitat for many animals Vacuums of the sea -- clean up the sea floor/oceans Sponges are a commercial venture Several medicinal compounds, including antibiotics, antivirual drugs, and drugs for leukemia come from sponges. Importance of Sponges

  32. Tremendous ability to repair and restore lost parts. Can also reconstitute selves if totally disintegrated. Sponge tissue has some similarity to human connective tissue. Could lead to aid in tissue transplantation. Cool Stuff – Regeneration!

  33. Embryology Development • Weird and different from any other animal. • Larval stage is usually a flagellated and free swimming. Interior has all cells of sponges but no choanocytes. • Settles. Creeps around on flagella and eats extracellularly.

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