The Extraordinary Properties of Water

1. The Extraordinary Properties of Water

2. There would be no life on Earth without water. • Water is the ONLY compound that commonly exists in all 3 phases (solid, liquid, gas) on Earth.

3. A large number of substances will dissolve in water. Dissolve - A solid becoming incorporated into a liquid so as to form a solution

4. SOLVENT- the substance that does the dissolving. (liquid) SOLUTE- the substance that is dissolved. (solid) SOLUTION- a homogeneous mixture of a solvent and a solute

5. Water is the universal solvent. Most things will dissolve in water So water solutions can contain and deliver most type of essential materials to living cells

6. In fact, ‘water’ is very rarely pure H2O Pure H2O never occurs in nature Water’ almost always contains many types of dissolved substances like: Salt Bromine Nitrates Calcium Magnesium Sulfates Iron Sodium Potassium

7. H H Water • A water molecule (H2O), is made up of threeatoms --- one oxygen and two hydrogen. O

8. Water is a Polar molecule Polar molecule - a molecule that has more electrons at one side than the other. • What is a ‘polar’ molecule? • This means that one end has more negative charges than the other!

9. Water is Polar In each water molecule, the oxygen atom attracts more than its "fair share" of electrons The oxygen end “acts” negative The hydrogen end “acts” positive Causes the water to be POLAR

10. However, keep in mind that the complete water molecule is neutral (equal number of e- and p+) • It’s just that the electrons are not evenly distributed!

11. So, what’s the big deal? Remember that opposite charges attract……like magnets

12. The negative oxygen end of one water molecule is attracted to the positive hydrogen end of another water molecule to form a HYDROGEN BOND

13. Hydrogen Bonds Formed between a negative side of one polar molecule and a positive side of another polar molecule Hydrogen Bond

14. Hydrogen Bonds So hydrogen bonds do not create molecules, they are simply connectionsbetween molecules Hydrogen Bond

15. One hydrogen bond is weak , but many hydrogen bonds are strong

16. The hydrogen bonds between all of the water molecules cause water to have special properties

17. What are the Properties of Water?

18. Properties of Water • Cohesion

19. Properties of Water • Cohesion • Adhesion

20. Properties of Water • Cohesion • Adhesion • High Specific Heat

21. Properties of Water • Cohesion • Adhesion • High Specific Heat • High Heat of Vaporization

22. Properties of Water • Cohesion • Adhesion • High Specific Heat • High Heat of Vaporization • Less Dense as a Solid

23. Cohesion • Attraction of water to itself • Results in water droplets and surface tension

24. Cohesion Surface tension - water produces a surface film on water that allows light substances to lay on top of water

25. Cohesion … Helps insects walk across water

26. Adhesion • Attraction between two different substances. • Water will make hydrogen bonds with other surfaces (not itself) such as glass, soil, plant tissues, and cotton.

27. Adhesion Causes Capillary Action Which gives water the ability to “climb” structures like straws and paper towels

28. Capillary action – also the cause of the transpiration process which plants and trees remove water from the soil and up into the leaves.

29. Adhesion Also Causes Water to … Hold onto plant leaves Attach to a silken spider web

30. Water to water Water to something else

31. High Specific Heat • Amount of heat needed to raise or lower 1g of a substance 1° C. • Water resists a change in temperature, both for heating and cooling. • Water can absorb or release large amounts of heat energy with little change in actual temperature.

33. Large bodies of water can affect the climate. As a result, lakes and oceans stabilize air and land temperatures.

34. High Heat of Vaporization • Amount of energy needed to convert 1g of a substance from a liquid to a gas • In order for water to evaporate, hydrogen bonds must be broken. • As water evaporates, it removes a lot of heat with it (cooling effect)..

36. Sweating The skin

37. Water is Less Dense as a Solid • Liquid water has hydrogen bonds that are constantly being broken and reformed. • Frozen water forms a crystal-like lattice whereby molecules are set at fixed distances.

38. Water is Less Dense as a Solid • Which is ice and which is water?

39. Water is Less Dense as a Solid Water Ice

40. For most substances, solids are more dense than liquids. But the special properties of water make itless dense as a solid- ice floats on water!

41. All of these properties allow water to be huge factor in living things maintaining Homeostasis • HOW?

42. Homeostasis Water is important to homeostasis because: a. Makes a good insulator b. Resists temperature change c. Universal solvent d. Coolant

43. Water is the Universal solvent because MOST things dissolve in water……but not ALL things Water is only a solvent for substances that are also polar (have an unequal electrical charge)

44. If a substance has an even distribution of electrical charge and is NON polar then it will NOT dissolve in water.

46. Polar things mix/dissolve with Polar things Nonpolar things mix/dissolve in Nonpolar things And nonpolar does NOT mix with water!

47. how to describe a non polar substance that does not mix with water (water afraid) Hydrophobic how to describe a polar substance that will mix with water (water loving) Hydrophilic

48. Hydrophilic Hydrophobic