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Chapter 17 A Maturing Industrial Society

Chapter 17 A Maturing Industrial Society. Between end of Civil War and 1920, the U.S. changed from being mostly an agricultural society to the leading industrial power in the world. Causes of Industrialization. Civil War Natural resources Immigration New inventions

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Chapter 17 A Maturing Industrial Society

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  1. Chapter 17 A Maturing Industrial Society

  2. Between end of Civil War and 1920, the U.S. changed from being mostly an agricultural society to the leading industrial power in the world.

  3. Causes of Industrialization • Civil War • Natural resources • Immigration • New inventions • Improved transportation - markets • Government policies

  4. Natural resources • Oil, coal,iron

  5. Immigration • Supplies work force for factories

  6. Capitalism • Encourages invention and innovation • LLC

  7. Thomas Edison • Menlo Park • Harnessing of electricity • Lightbulbs • streetcars

  8. Camera Telegraph Typewriter Radio Airplane X-Ray machine Reaper Sewing Machine Phonograph Moving pictures Internal combustion engine Other important inventions of the time:

  9. Railroads

  10. Government policies • Protective tariffs • Laissez - faire

  11. The Rise of Big Business

  12. The rise of corporations • Owned by shareholders • Limited liability

  13. Business practices lead to monopolies • Horizontal and vertical integration • Price wars

  14. John D. Rockefeller • Standard Oil • Created a monopoly • Amassed enormous personal fortune

  15. Andrew Carnegie • Scottish Immigrant • US Steel • Believer in “Social Darwinism” • Amassed enormous personal fortune • Gave most of his money to charity

  16. Social Darwinism • Fittest, strongest businesses (and workers) survive • Govt. should NOT interfere • Laissez fare • Changed view of rich and poor • Rich – earned God’s favor • Poor – lazy, inferior, deserved their fate

  17. Robber BaronsorCaptains of Industry?

  18. Disparity of Wealth

  19. Government Regulation • Interstate Commerce Commission • Sherman Antitrust Act

  20. The Organized Labor Movement • shift from skilled to unskilled labor • long hours, low pay, no sense of achievement • work force now included women, children

  21. Labor Unions begin to form – goals are to improve pay and working conditions • NLU • Knights of Labor • AFL • Skilled workers • Samuel Gompers • Collective bargaining • ARU • Eugene Debs • IWW • Big Bill Haywood • Socialists

  22. Haymarket Square Riot • 8 hour day • Chicago, 1866 • Anarchists – bomb - policeman • Led to public mistrust of unions

  23. Homestead Strike • Steelworkers • Frick hires Pinkertons • Anarchists try to kill Frick • Strike called off

  24. Pullman Strike • American Railway Union – Eugene Debs • 300,000 workers nationwide • Sherman Anti-trust Act • Debs imprisoned

  25. Eugene V. Debs • Socialist candidate for President 5 times • Jailed following Pullman strike

  26. Socialists – believe that capitalism causes rich to get richer, poor to get poorer. • wanted govt. control of business and property • equal distribution of wealth

  27. Women in Labor • Mother Jones • Pauline Newman

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