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Wars with Colonial/American Involvement

Wars with Colonial/American Involvement. Colonial Wars. Pequot War 1637 – first serious armed conflict between indigenous people and settlers. Cause: land Effect: Pequot tribe nearly wiped out.

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Wars with Colonial/American Involvement

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  1. Wars with Colonial/American Involvement

  2. Colonial Wars • Pequot War 1637 – first serious armed conflict between indigenous people and settlers. Cause: land Effect: Pequot tribe nearly wiped out. • King Philip’s War 1675-76 – war threatened much of New England. Wampanoag Indians v settlers. Cause: land Effect: Natives sold into slavery, Wampanoag’s had to adapt to survive; Colonist would take decades to recover from decrease in population.

  3. Colonial Wars • French and Indian War – Cause: Leading up to this war, England and France had fought 3 wars due to mercantilist competition: King William’s War, Queen Anne’s War, King George’s War. These wars began a land frenzy on the North American continent. Land claim disputes in the Ohio Valley area would spark the F&I war.

  4. Colonial Wars • French and Indian War – Albany Congress; “Join or Die”; George Washington; Fort Duquesne; William Pitt; Battle of Quebec; Effects – France lost nearly all land in North America to British; “bad blood” between England and colonist; major debt for England • Pontiac’s War – Native Am. banned together to fight expansion of colonists; Proclamation of 1763

  5. American Independence • Salutary neglect; Navigation Acts, taxes, Quartering Act; Intolerable Act; Sons of Liberty; Boston Massacre; Boston Tea Party • Washington’s goal – win by not losing • Lexington/Concord; Bunker Hill; Common Sense; Battle of New York; Valley Forge; Trenton and Princeton; Saratoga; Yorktown

  6. Barbary Wars • Morocco, Algiers, Tripoli, and Tunis – Barbary States of North Africa • Hijacking ships; demanding tributes to trade in area; piracy which restricted American trade • Jefferson sent in Navy and Marines; “Millions for defense but not one red cent for tribute”; after War of 1812, America returned to area and forced the Barbary States into a treaty ending tribute payments.

  7. War of 1812 • US v Britain • Causes: Impressment; British troops in Ohio Valley; Non-Intercourse Act (once neutrality was respected trade would resume with Britain and France); War Hawks • US not prepared for war; patriotism soared • Battle of New Orleans; Fort McHenry; Star Spangled Banner; • Effects: Spain signed Adams-Onis Treaty; end of Federalist Party (Hartford Convention); end of British/Indian alliance

  8. Mexican/American War 1846-1848 • Cause: idea of Manifest Destiny; dispute over borders of Mexico/USA; Texas War of Independence • Zachary Taylor; Robert E. Lee; Winfield Scott; Santa Anna; capture of Mexico City; • Treaty of Guadeloupe Hildalgo – US agreed to pay Mexico $15 million dollars for seizing what is now the American SW and California

  9. Civil War • Causes: Slavery; tariffs; state’s rights • SC first seceded when Lincoln elected • Richmond becomes capital of the CSA after skirmish at Fort Sumter, SC. • Anaconda Plan; King Cotton Diplomacy • George McClellan; U.S Grant; William T. Sherman; Robert E. Lee; Stonewall Jackson

  10. Civil War • South dominated the first years of the war. • Antietam – bloodiest one day battle in war; Emancipation Proclamation • Gettysburg – turning point of war; South would never attempt to invade North again; Gettysburg Address • Vicksburg; Atlanta; Appomattox Courthouse

  11. Spanish-American War 1898 • Causes: US looking to expand for new markets; new territory gained would be colonies not states; end of the frontier; economic questions; “white man’s burden”; US coveted Cuba; yellow journalism; USS Maine • Theater of Operations – Cuba and Philippines • Joseph Pulitzer; William Randolph Hearst

  12. Spanish-American War • President McKinley; Teddy Roosevelt; San Juan Hill; Manila Bay; Rough Riders • Effects: US gained Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines; helped to unite the US for the first time after Civil War; US seen as a legitimate world power

  13. Wars with Native Americans 1800’s • Battle of Tippecanoe 1811 - William Henry Harrison then Governor of Indian Territory won a battle against the Shawnee Indians. The Prophet, brother of Shawnee Chief Tecumseh lead the attack for the Shawnee Indians. • Battle of Little Bighorn 1876 – Gen. Armstrong Custer and 250 soldiers were killed by Sioux warriors

  14. Wars with Native Americans • Battle of Wounded Knee (aka The Massacre of Wounded Knee) 1890 – the US Army killed the final band of fighting Sioux; this effectively ended the plains Indian wars. • Seminole Wars (Indian Removal); Ute Wars (Mormons taking land); Sioux Wars (resisting settlers moving westward of the MS River)

  15. Wars with Native Americans • Apache Wars – Apache resistance to reservation life; Geronimo, Cochise; most gave up in 1886; some fought until 1900 • Nez Perce War – fought to keep their land in Oregon, Idaho and Montana; surrendered near the Canadian border

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