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School Enrollment and Literacy

School Enrollment and Literacy. In the 19th Century. World leaders were portrayed differently England Scandinavia United States . Education as a Standard of Living Indicator. Education played an important role Ability to learn new technology

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School Enrollment and Literacy

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  1. School Enrollment and Literacy

  2. In the 19th Century World leaders were portrayed differently England Scandinavia United States Education as a Standard of Living Indicator Education played an important role • Ability to learn new technology • An agent for new ideas to be introduce and adapt into different culture

  3. Different Requirement in Education effect People’s LiteracyProtestant Reformation—must know how to read BibleProtestant Anglican—not emphasis on reading the Bible • Higher Educated Area—Better in Standard of Living

  4. Theory of Return to Education • The Increase in wage that a worker would get if he had received an extra year of education • Rough approximation: 10% per year (Jones) Example: Worker A is 9th grade and worker B is 8th grade. • It is likely to expect A to earn 10% more than B would, since he has studied one more year.

  5. The more exact number factors can be found from Slide 07 • Labor economics evidence: • - Grades 1-4: 13.4% per year. After 4 years: 165% • - Grades 5-8: 10.1% per year. After 8 years: 243% (=1.47*165%) • - Grades 9-up: 6.8% per year. After 12 years: 316% (=1.30*243%)

  6. In the year 2000 • US Gov’t spent $443 Billions on Education • Private individual spent $164 Billions on Education • Total of 6.2% of the GDP

  7. Wages Years of schooling 8 7 6 5 4 Line 1 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

  8. Political Democracy Does a country being politically democratic raise the level of standard of living? Hard to say Democracy gives people greater sense of freedom? Depended on people’s potential

  9. Spread of democracy • Countries becoming more Democratic • Executive • Legislative

  10. Democracy may not always be good for economic growth Positive and Negative Influences (+) Limits power of rulers(+) Less likely to have corrupt Gov’t (—) Prone to political instability (—) Policies produce short run gain

  11. Case Study: China vs India How come China’s economy is so successful with it’s political system as a communist country? • Capitalist approach in economic policy • Communist characteristic to centralize control and power

  12. India, being a democratic country, the level of Standard of living is still behind China. Why? • China Liberalized its economy and open to the world marketPolicies that would benefits everyone in the long runAlthough lack of human rights, Government is more stable

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