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Motor Systems

Motor Systems. Spinal reflex arcs. Reflex arc Monosynaptic (spindle) Interneurone Golgi tendon organ (clasp-knife) Ia interneurone Renshaw autoinhibition Antagonist inhibition Polysynaptic (flexor). a. Ia. homonomous. a. Ib. homonomous. antagonoist. Caudate Putamen

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Motor Systems

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  1. Motor Systems

  2. Spinal reflex arcs • Reflex arc • Monosynaptic (spindle) • Interneurone • Golgi tendon organ (clasp-knife) • Ia interneurone • Renshaw autoinhibition • Antagonist inhibition • Polysynaptic (flexor) a Ia homonomous a Ib homonomous antagonoist

  3. Caudate Putamen Globus pallidus Substantia nigra Initiation of action Gating SNPR-Eye movement Decision making Basal ganglia

  4. Motor hierarchy Posture, stepping, standing • Spinal nucleus • Reticular formation • Vestibular nucleus limb extension • Red nucleus limb flexion • Cerebellum

  5. Cerebellar pathways Vestibular n. Vestibuloc. Emboliform n. Vestibular n. Tonsil, Archic., Sensory flocculonodular Clarke's col. Spinoc. Fastigial n. Reticulospinal Pons Paleoc., Motor Cx Red n. N. interpositus Vermis Neoc. Inf. olive Dentate n. VL/VA thal Sensory Lateral hemisphere deep n. CBM

  6. Cerebellar circuits

  7. Cerebellar circuits

  8. Cerebellum • Paleocerebellum (vermis) • Spinocerebellum, anterior lobe • Spinal c. (Clarke's column) > Fastigial n., red n. • Archicerebellum (tonsil) • Vestibulocerebellum, flocculonodular lobe • Vestibular n. > Emboliform n., Vestibular n. • Neocerebellum • lateral hemisphere • pons, inf. olive > Dentate n., VA/VL, Cx

  9. Marr’s theory

  10. Motor hierarchy Volition Association Context Cx Premotor Supplementary 1º Motor MA Cx CX Cerebellum Striatum Emotion VA VL thalamus thalamus

  11. Primary motor Spasticity Cortical reflexes LLR, expectation Association Balint, patient DF (Goodale & Milner 92) Combining Decomposition Cx structure, inputs Sequencing Dysdiadochokinesia Rhythm, reciting? Tuning Ataxia, VOR Compare and contrast the roles of cerebral cortex and cerebellum in the control of voluntary movement

  12. Motor Cortex

  13. SMA vs. PMA • Both • somatotopic map • motor planning • SMA • PMA

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