Sociology Project: Literature searching

1. Sociology Project:Literature searching Christine Love-Rodgers Academic Support Librarian – SPS @SPSLibrarian http://libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk/spslibrarian/ University of Edinburgh. (2012) Book shelving on the re-developed 4th floor of the Main Library, February 2012. Available at: http://images.is.ed.ac.uk/luna/servlet/s/ko1313 (Accessed: 28 October 2016). February 2019

2. Session Outline • Your library landscape • Starting points • Your research resources • Make your dissertation something special • 6 steps to literature searching • From questions to keywords • The Boolean behind it all • What to do when the Library doesn’t have what you need • Recommending books • Inter-library loan • Using other libraries • Managing your research • Referencing & citing • Endnote Web *Demonstration*

3. Library Discovery Tools : DiscoverEd Discover Library holdings in online and print, journals and books plus records of articles, theses, conference proceedings… From the Library homepage http://www.ed.ac.uk/is/library Library search tab on MyEd www.myed.ed.ac.uk

4. Library Discovery Tools : Subject Guides http://www.ed.ac.uk/is/subject-guides

5. Library Discovery Tools : Digital Resources • Sociological Abstracts • Sociology Source Ultimate • Academic Video Online • Scopus • IBSS • JSTOR • Web of Science (Social Sciences Citation Index) • These and more available at http://edinburgh-uk.libguides.com/sociology

6. Getting set up for Google Scholar Library Discovery Tools : Google • Access the Settings (wheel symbol) by expanding options.   • Click on Library links and enter “Edinburgh University” in the search box and select University of Edinburgh. 3. Then click on Save

7. Search tools pros and cons DiscoverEd Google Scholar Digital Collections Why use them? For content & resources not in Google. To ensure systematic searching of content not accessed by DiscoverEd When you know exactly what you want to look at Subject specialist content and tools Content and coverage is explicit. Sophisticated tools to refine and limit your search To browse collections of electronic texts However … They index resources that the University may not hold – but we can generally get it for you! If you just stuck to one or two familiar databases you would miss the huge range of digital content available to you Why use it? • Using DiscoverEd you can search across most of the Library's resources at the same time, including the Library Catalogue, e-journals, e-books, Library databases, newspapers, images and theses. Includes, where available, easy access to full text. • Only includes quality content the University subscribes to However … • Can generate ‘noisy’ searches with large number of results • Lacks subject specific tools and thesauri. Why use it? • Quick and easy way of getting hold of good references, including peer-reviewed papers, theses, books, abstracts and technical reports. • Can be set to retrieve and link to what’s available at Edinburgh. • For some, it’s good enough! However … • Doesn’t access everything • Harvesting of content unknown. • The ranking of content is not clear.

8. Make your project something special : use Special Collections Centre for Research Collections • Diverse and rich rare book collections in all areas • University Archives • Research Support Collection • 6th floor Main Library • May not be listed or catalogued online – ask for help http://www.ed.ac.uk/is/crc

9. What is your research question? What do you need to find out? Identify the principal concepts – these will form the keywords for your search. Your search strategy variant spelling: behaviour (UK) behavior (US) • Types of Resources: • Primary Sources Secondary Sources variations in terminology over time: lame, handicapped, disabled Search limits –. • time • language • geography • Searching effectively • Boolean searching • Finding full text

10. Literature searching – 6 steps • What is your research question? • Highlight key concepts or topics • Consider alternative keywords • Decide how you will combine your search terms (keywords) • Select appropriate databases or search tools • Limit or expand your search results

11. 1. What is your research question? • Think in terms of questions you want answers to • What are the gaps in the information? What do you know and what don’t you know? • Who, what, when, where, why, how? My research question: • Discuss the extent to which violence on television affects teenagers.

12. 2. Highlight key concepts or topics • Discuss the extent to which violence on television affects teenagers in the UK.

13. 3. Consider alternative keywords • Consider: • Synonyms • Related terms • Abbreviations • Variations in terminology e.g. primary education (UK), elementary education (US), etc. • Variant spelling e.g. UK vs US • Variations in terminology over time e.g. Aborigines, First Nations, Native Peoples, etc. • Professional or colloquial terms • Antonyms

14. 4. Combine your search terms Use connecting words AND, OR or NOT (Boolean operators). These will help you widen or narrow your searches.

15. Boolean operators at work! • violence AND teenagers • teenagers AND television • teenager OR adolescent • television OR TV • television NOT film

16. Example searches • violence AND (television OR TV) AND teen* AND UK • (violen* OR aggression) AND (television OR TV) AND (teen* OR adolescent) AND (UK or United Kingdom OR Great Britain) • (violen* OR aggress*) AND (television OR TV OR telly) AND (teen* OR adolescent OR “young adult”) () = nesting. Use nesting to separate single/group concepts: (concept 1 OR concept 2) AND (concept 3 OR concept 4).

17. 5. Choose appropriate databases Bibliographic databases (abstracting & indexing databases) • Academic and peer-reviewed content • Search for journal articles, abstracts, book chapters, reports, proceedings, theses, etc. • Full-text may not be provided • Look for “findit@edinburgh”, PDF full text, HTML full text, etc. • e.g. Sociological Abstracts Primary source databases • Newspapers, official documents, periodicals (magazines), manuscripts, personal papers, pamphlets, correspondence, diaries, objects, etc. • Often provide high quality digital scans or images • e.g. Daily Mail Historical Archive

18. Accessing databases • Databases A-Z list (www.ed.ac.uk/is/databases-a-z) • Databases by subject (www.ed.ac.uk/is/databases-subjects) • DiscoverEd(http://discovered.ed.ac.uk) • “Library” tab in MyEd. • Library Subject Guide for Sociology : http://edinburgh-uk.libguides.com/sociology • Majority offer on and off-campus • EASE username and password • Check for any special log in information noted e.g. click on login link like “institutional access”, “Shibboleth”, etc. • VPN (www.ed.ac.uk/is/vpn)

19. Newspapers • Current and archives • UK and international • Access via http://edin.ac/1IzOyod • TV/Films/Documentaries • Academic Video Online • Box of Broadcasts (BoB) • MediaPlus • BFI InView • Access via www.ed.ac.uk/is/databases-a-z • Official publications • Access via http://edin.ac/2fxc5cm • Freely available sites such as • https://www.gov.uk • http://www.scotland.gov.uk • http://www.scottish.parliament.uk • http://europa.eu/ • Data and statistics • Access via http://edin.ac/2ljw3tZ • Data Library (www.ed.ac.uk/is/data-library) • Dissertations and theses(Recent research on your subject) • ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global • Edinburgh Research Archive (ERA) • EThOS • Access via http://edin.ac/1T9ZnOJ

20. Grey literature Can include, but not limited to: • Preliminary reports, market research reports, technical reports, statistical reports, etc. • Technical specifications • Technical and commercial documentation • Official documents not published commercially e.g. government publications, think tank publications, research or organisation publication, charity reports and publications, etc. • Theses and dissertations • Google – Google is great for grey literature • Try the Advanced Search options • Greynet– Grey literature network service http://www.greynet.org/greynethome.html • OpenGrey – System for information on grey literature in Europe http://www.opengrey.eu/ • BASE – Large search engine especially for academic open access web resources http://www.base-search.net/

21. 6. Limiting or expanding your search results Too many results? • Add additional keywords with AND • Use more specific keywords • Use thesaurus terms • Apply limits e.g. date, geography, language, etc. • Use phrase searching Too few results? • Check your spelling • Use all possible synonyms and combine with OR • Use alternative spellings • Snowballing (or chaining) – one good reference leads to another • Use truncation or wildcards

22. Truncation and wildcards • Truncation allows you to look for all forms of word. • Type in start of word plus truncation symbols ($ * ? #) depending on which database you are using e.g. Teen* would find teen teens teenager Teenagers • Be careful with truncation. Wom* will look for “women” and “woman” but will also look for “womb” and “wombat”. • Wildcards are similar to truncation but used within word rather than at end. • Type in word plus wildcard symbol (? * $) depending on which database you are using e.g. organi?ation= organisation and organization labo?r = labour and labor • Good for variations in spelling. • Can use OR but this can make search bit wordy.

23. Example searches • violence AND (television OR TV) AND teen* AND UK • (violen* OR aggression) AND (television OR TV) AND (teen* OR adolescent) AND (UK or United Kingdom OR Great Britain) • (violen* OR aggress*) AND (television OR TV OR telly) AND (teen* OR adolescent OR “young adult”) () = nesting. Use nesting to separate single/group concepts: (concept 1 OR concept 2) AND (concept 3 OR concept 4).

24. Didn’t find what you wanted? Mix it up again • Too many results? • Add additional keywords with AND • Use more specific keywords • Use thesaurus terms • Apply limits • Use phrase searching “Michel Foucault” • Too few results? • Combine with OR • Check your spelling – typos really mess things up! • Use truncation or wildcards * or $ • Use synonyms or alternative spelling • Check thesaurus terms • Snowballing – follow up references & citations and see where they lead you.

25. Ask the library for materials it doesn’t hold Inter-library loans (ILL) www.ed.ac.uk/is/ILL Request a Book Service (RAB) www.ed.ac.uk/is/RAB

26. Using other libraries National Library of Scotland • Register in person or online • Evidence of ID, address and matriculation card http://www.nls.uk/ SCONUL Access scheme • Allows borrowing from other UK Higher Education Libraries www.sconul.ac.uk COPAC Union Catalogue of UK Research Libraries http://copac.jisc.ac.uk/

27. Saving and organising references Managing what you’ve found • Recording your search strategy Avoiding plagiarism Citing references Avoiding last minute crises!

28. 3 key tips for managing your search results • Save references to ‘My favourites’ in DiscoverEd and label by topic • Save references to ‘My folder’ or ‘My Research’ in digital resources • Output references directly into your reference library in Endnote or other free web based system (Mendeley, Zotero) Digital Skills run free training courses on EndNote Online. For more information and how to book go to Information literacy courses (including EndNote) at www.ed.ac.uk/is/skills You can also download self-study workbooks from their website.

29. 3 key tips for citing right • Use the “ option in DiscoverEd to see correct citation format for your item • Use ‘Cite them Right’ online tool for further citation guidance • Use Endnote Online / Web / Basic to automatically format your references and bibliographies • Links to all of these in the Divinity Subject Guide www.ed.ac.uk/is/subject-guides-divinity

30. What is EndNote Web? • EndNote Web is an online reference management software – a place to store your references • Free to UoE staff and students • Available anywhere online • Can be used interchangeably with Endnote desktop version • To register follow instructions at http://edin.ac/1LdqdWc • Information literacy courses (including EndNote) at www.ed.ac.uk/is/skills

31. Demonstration DiscoverEd http://discovered.ed.ac.uk/ Sociology Subject Guide http://edinburgh-uk.libguides.com/sociology

32. Thank you and keep in touchChristine Love-RodgersCaroline StirlingAcademic Support Librarians – SPSSPS.Librarian@ed.ac.ukTwitter @SPSLibrarian, http://libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk/spslibrarian/