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Another French Revolution

Another French Revolution. Revolutions of 1830 & 1848. BOURBON RESTORATION. Louis XVIII (r. 1814 – 1824) Louis XVI’s brother Constitutional Monarchy Restored some aspects of Old Regime Catholicism reinstated as State Religion Recognized Napoleonic Civil Code as law Freedom of Religion

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Another French Revolution

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  1. Another French Revolution Revolutions of 1830 & 1848

  2. BOURBON RESTORATION • Louis XVIII (r. 1814 – 1824) • Louis XVI’s brother • Constitutional Monarchy • Restored some aspects of Old Regime • Catholicism reinstated as State Religion • Recognized Napoleonic Civil Code as law • Freedom of Religion • Freedom of the Press

  3. BOURBON RESTORATION • Charter of 1814 • Assembly [2 House Legislature] • Chamber of Deputies (elected) • Chamber of Peers (appointed)

  4. Opposition to Louis XVIII ULTRA - ROYALISTS "ULTRAS" • The “White Terror” • They supported Bourbons but felt Louis XVIII was not a “true” King • Led by Count of Artois, the King’s Brother • 1820 – Ultras were elected into the Chamber of Deputies • Placed restrictions on civil liberties

  5. CHARLES X • Louis XVIII died in 1824 • Count of Artois, Charles X took the Throne • “had learned nothing and forgotten nothing” • Goal: To Restore the Old Regime • Took away civil liberties

  6. OPPOSITION TO CHARLES X • Liberals • Merchants and manufacturers • Napoleonic Soldiers • Those who romanticized Napoleon’s Memory • Romantic Writers – Victor Hugo

  7. JULY ORDINANCES • July 26, 1830 – Charles X passed 4 Ordinances • Dissolved Chamber of Deputies • Revoked the vote from ¾ of the electorate • Called for new elections • Muzzled the Press • ABANDONED THE PRINCIPLES OF THE CHARTER OF 1814

  8. JULY REVOLUTION • July 27-29, 1830 • Demonstrations against Charles X • Artisans • Trades people • August 2, 1830 Charles abdicates

  9. LOUIS-PHILLIPE I, KING OF THE FRENCH • JULY MONARCHY • Tri-color replaced the white flag of the Bourbons • Accepted a revised version of the Charter of 1814 • Roman Catholicism was no longer the state religion • High tariffs Duke of Orleans

  10. “Gargantua”, Daumier, 1831 The fat king sits in front of the National Assembly on a large commode. A huge plank comes out of his mouth on which rewards travel down to the eager officials beneath. Standing around his small, cripples legs are tattered workers and starving mothers who drop coins into the baskets on ministers.

  11. OPPOSITION TO LOUIS PHILLIPE I • 1835 – survived an assassination attempt • 1839 – survived a plot to overthrow him • 1840 survived another attempt on his life Past Present Future, 1834 Daumier

  12. LOUIS-PHILLIPE I’s MAJOR ISSUES • No Monarchical legitimacy • No popular sovereignty • So it was caught between republicans and legitimatists.

  13. FEBRUARY REVOLUTION • FEBRUARY 22, 1848 • A Banquet, organized in opposition to: • Louis-Phillipe • Francois Guizot (chief minister) • Riots broke out • 40 people were killed • Guizot is dismissed • Louis-Phillipe abdicated

  14. PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT • Universal Manhood Suffrage • Abolished slavery in French Colonies • Attempted to placate all political groups • Moderate Republicans • Legitimists • Louis Napoleon • Socialists

  15. ECONOMIC CRISIS HITS • Raised direct taxes 45% • “National Workshops”

  16. *** Elections*** • Conservative Majority took control of National Assembly • A Republic in the hands of Conservatives • DECEMBER 1848 • Louis Napoleon Bonaparte – elected President • GOAL = to establish a dictatorship

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