Solar Cooling & The SolarChill Project Main meeting of The OzonAction Networks for Latin America and the Ca

1. Solar Cooling & The SolarChill Project Mainmeeting of TheOzonAction Networks forLatinAmerica and theCaribbean Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, 6 October 2011 Alvaro Zurita, GIZ Projects funded by

2. Solar Cooling

3. Motivation for solar cooling • Savings in primary energy consumption • Reduction in peak electricity power demand • Reduction in CO2 emissions • Refrigerants without global warming potential; favorable: water • All-season use of the solar thermal system: heating, cooling, domestic hot water

4. Market Huge market in regions with DNI > 1500 kWh/m²/a

5. Worldwide increaseof (large) solar coolingsolutions

9. Solar open-loop A/C using desiccants Passive solar cooling Solar closed-loop absorption and adsorption cooling Photovoltaic (PV) solar cooling Geothermal cooling Types of Solar Cooling

10. Solar Cooling – explained Thermal Energy Cooling Machine Building • Solar coolingrequireshighertemperaturethan solar heating (> 150C) • Advanced solar technologies (Fresnel collectors) andabsorptiontechnologiesrequiredtoreachgoodefficiencies (high airconditioningoutputwith limited availablearea (rooftops) for solar panel

11. Basic Principle Parabolic Trough Collector Fresnel Collector

12. Fresnel collectorsasheatgeneratorsforcoolingmachine

13. Heat rejection DrivingHeat Useful cold Heat rejection Heatdrivenabsorptioncoolingcycle NO compressor ! Ammonia/WaterorWater/Lithium Bromide

14. Recent Installations © Arup Associates

15. Technology Introduction IS Fresnel collectors are designed to generate heat at 130 - 400 °C 250 - 450 °C Utility scale power generation industrial process heat Fresnel „Process Heat“ Industrial process heat solar cooling commercial water heating distributed power generation 130 - 220 °C Fresnel Vacuum tube Parabolic collector 90 - 130 °C Solar cooling (single stage) Low temperature process heat 40 - 80 °C Flat plate collectors Domestic water heating, space heating

16. Solar Cooling - Jordan • Title: Solar refrigeration in industrial and commercial applications in Jordan • Objective: Demonstrate feasibility and suitability of solar power for refrigeration in Jordan and the region; • Expected outcome: • innovative technology demonstrated, • local knowledge established for replication, • min. 1 lighthouse project up and running; • potential for application and replication explored • Official, governmental partner: Ministry of Environment; NOU • Project duration: 2011-2014

17. Project goals • Reduction of direct and indirect GHG-emissions: 670 tCO2eq/a (20,000 tCO2eq over 30 years life time). • Demonstration of state-of-the-art technology • Establishment of technology partnerships • Elaboration of instrumentsand guidelines for replication • Monitoring: establishmentof a reliablemonitoring

18. THE SolarCHILL PROJECT

19. www.solarchill.org (not updated)

20. Southern Africa - Introducing solar powered refrigerators • Complete the technical development of existing SolarChill prototypes -> to make the SolarChill conceptsuitable for use in temperatures over 45°C. • support for set-up of a production line at the local manufacturer Palfridge (Swaziland) • Emission reductions: • Direct: every operational SolarChill unit avoids refrigerant emissions of approx. 0.2 tonnes CO2eq during lifetime usage. • Indirect:0.5 tonnes CO2eq /a per appliance (from avoided use of fossil fuels for electricity generation)

21. Swaziland • a small country in Southern Africa • Population: 1,185,000 • most Swazis live in rural homesteads • the principal occupation is either subsistence farming or livestock herding

22. Why Southern Africa? Why Swaziland? • 69% of the population lives in poverty • highest HIV infection rate in the world (26% of all adults) • Tuberculosis a significant problem, 18% mortality rate • lowest life expectancy in the world at 31.88 years There is the need for a sustainable solution for refrigerating vaccines and food!

23. Southern Africa - Introducing solar powered refrigerators SolarChill (BMU IKI) & HC R-600a Commercial Merchandiser (LC 86) Medical Unit (MC 72) Domestic Unit (LS 150)

24. The philosophy • Reliability • Robustness • Affordability • Sustainability • Simplicity • Safety • During sunlight, energy from the sun is converted into electrical energy, which is used to cool the unit. • Excess energy is stored in a ballast load and is used during low light conditions.

25. Southern Africa - Introducing solar powered refrigerators SolarChill (BMU IKI)

26. Southern Africa - Introducing solar powered refrigerators SolarChill (BMU IKI)

27. Cost of refrigerators

28. MC72-Medical Unit • Perfect equipment for hospitals, clinics, and ambulances. • Chest type unit, 2 compartments: Vaccine storage + Freezer • Mechanical damper regulates the amount of cooling and keeps it 2°- 8°C. • Dampers and controller are preset to achieve optimum vaccine temperatures in all ambient temperature conditions. • Ample insulation also allows for vaccines and medicines to be safely stored for extended periods of time in low light conditions.

29. Operating Principles

30. This is a commercial merchandiser comprising of controller and Danfoss BD35k compressor. Beverages are stored in shelf suspended from the top of the cabinet. The unit has a ballast load. The remainder of the space is filled with products. The controller is pre-set to achieve optimum beverage temperatures in all ambient temperature conditions. LC86-Commercial Merchandiser

31. Unit is designed for the storage of fresh food, and is aimed primarily at rural homesteads and areas with intermittent power supply from the national grid. It is a single door design with separate fridge and freezer compartments that are able to maintain temperatures from 2-9°C. Ample insulation also allows for food to be safely stored for extended periods of time in low light conditions. The controller is preset to achieve optimum fresh food temperatures in all ambient temperature conditions. LS150-Domestic

32. Next Steps: New design…newchallenges. We need to preserve medicine food & beverages for human consumption at high ambient temperatures ( 48°C ) using solar energy without the use of chemical storage batteries. Optimization of the product MC72 Result: an upgraded product MC73 with following improvement : significantly larger vaccine storage volume (above 50 l) significant reduced power consumption through utilising a new type of evaporator integrated with the ice keeping department completelybatteryfreeoperation selfcleaningcondensor full conformity with the WHO specifications -> Agreement with NGO and distribution in Southern Africa

34. Thank you! Contact: Alvaro Zurita Proklima International Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Dag-Hammarskjöld-Weg1-5 65760 Eschborn, Germany Email: alvaro.zurita@giz.de Internet: www.gtz.de/proklima