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Alexander the Great and Ancient Rome: Key Concepts for Success in AP World

Learn everything you need to know about Alexander the Great and Ancient Rome to excel in the AP World exam. This video covers important topics such as Alexander's conquests, Hellenistic culture, the geography of Rome, the Roman Republic, the expansion of Rome, Roman society, the Roman Empire, its decline, and religion.

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Alexander the Great and Ancient Rome: Key Concepts for Success in AP World

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  1. AP World Review: Video #7: Alexander The Great And Ancient Rome (Key Concepts 2.1, II, F, 2.2, I, A, 2.3, III, B) Everything You Need To Know About Alexander The Great And Ancient Rome To Succeed In AP World www.APWorldReview.com

  2. Alexander The Great • Son of Philip II, student of Aristotle • Conquered as far as India in the east • Became a pharaoh in Egypt • Chose native residents to help rule empire • Persians in Iran • His leaders married Persians • Died at the age of 32, his kingdom was divided into three kingdoms

  3. Hellenistic Culture • Example of syncretism (blending of cultures) • Greek culture spread to other areas • Alexandria, Egypt • Greco-Buddist art seen in South Asia • People in the empire could become Greek citizens through education, language, and names (assimilation) • Influenced Ancient Rome

  4. Ancient Rome • The geography of Italy did NOT prevent unification as it did in Greece • Rome: • Near Tiber River and Tyrrhenian Sea • Ideal for trade, distance from oceans was a natural defense • Location near the Mediterranean made it ideal for trade and contact with other cultures • 509 B.C.E. - Roman aristocrats overthrew their king, established a republic - representative government • Patricians (wealthy class) • 2 Consuls - elected by the Senate on a rotating basis

  5. The Roman Republic • Plebeians: • Poorer classes • Small farmers, tradespeople, craftworkers • Became full citizens in 287 B.C.E. • Represented by Tribunes • Twelve Tables - public laws displayed for all to see • Crimes, property, etc.

  6. The Roman Republic Expands • As Rome expanded, people in conquered areas were eligible for citizenship • Rome conquered Greece and Gaul (present-day France) • Punic Wars (264 - 146 B.C.E.) • Wars between Rome and Carthage (North Africa) • Rome won, destroyed the city of Carthage • By 455 C.E., Rome fell to Vandals

  7. Society In Rome • Males between 17 - 46 served in the Roman military (Legions) • Slaves: • Often captured in wars • Worked in homes and on large farms • Educate children of upper classes • Women: • Not citizens -> could NOT vote (patriarchy society) • Some women received education (higher classes) • Some women could inherent property and wealth

  8. Roman Empire • Civil Wars between Generals whose soldiers were loyal to them, not Rome • Julius Caesar defeated his rivals, had support of the common people (plebeians) • Caesar became a dictator for life in 46 B.C.E. • New reforms under Caesar • Calendar • Senate increased its size • Citizenship was extended to others • Land was given to poor veterans • Caesar was killed on the “Ides of March”, 44 B.C.E.

  9. Roman Empire • Octavian (Caesar’s adopted son) fought Marc Antony for control of Roman Empire • Battle of Actium - Octavian wins • Became Augustus Caesar • Pax Romana - 200 years of Roman “Peace” • Rome built its infrastructure • Roads for trade • Fortresses and walls for defense

  10. Roman Empire Culture • Rights of women increased during the Empire • Women could divorce • Could gain property • Arts: • Roman writers demonstrated an influence from Greece • Poetry • Epicureanism - focus on simple living • Stoicism - taking things as they come, being detached

  11. Decline of the Empire • The Empire was massive and expensive to rule • Large estates did not pay as much in taxes -> declining revenue • Disease ravaged Rome • Population decreased by 25% between 250 C.E. and its fall (the western portion) in 476 • Invasion from outside forces • Vandals in 455 C.E.

  12. Roman Religion • Roman gods were often combined with Greek gods (syncretism) • Requirement to practice state religion • Could practice other religions • Conflicts with Jews in early centuries C.E. • More in next video

  13. Quick Recap • Alexander the Great and his conquests • Characteristics of Hellenistic Culture • Rome’s geography • Roman Republic • Classes and government structure • Expansion of Rome (Punic Wars) • Roman Society (slaves, women - lack of rights) • Roman Empire: • Julius • New reforms • Augustus Caesar and Pax Romana • Culture of the Roman Empire • Decline of the Roman Empire • Religion in the Roman Empire

  14. See You Back Here For Video #8: Judaism and Christianity • Thanks for watching • Best of luck!

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