Education Sector in Puntland: Challenges, Financing, and Opportunities

1. 3rdJoint Review of the Education Sector, 2016 Synthesis Report Ahmed Adan, JRES Consultant Ministry of Education and Higher Education

2. Overview of JRES presentation

3. JRES PROCESS • i) Desk and Document Reviews: • PLESSP 2012-2016 • Draft PLESSP 2017-2021 • Policy documents • MOEHE manuals • Puntland Budget • IOM’s: Exploring the Youth, employment and Migration Nexus • ii) Meetings • Donors • MOEHE • INGOs Supporting Education

4. JRES Process • iii) Statistical Documents • EMIS 2014, 15 and 16 • Education Sector analysis report • Last population Estimates 2015 • Somalia Human Development Report 2012

5. Summary of the PLESSP • Puntland Education Sector Strategic Plan 2012-16 • What is it? A road map for achieving the Education aspirations of Puntland • What does it contain? Policy Objectives, Priorities, Strategies and Targets • Duration: 5 years (2012 – 2016) • Sectoral Coverage: ECE, Basic Education (Formal & Non-formal), Secondary Education, TVET, Teacher and Higher Education. • Focus: Access, Equity (Inclusion) and Quality • Current Projected Cost: US$ 86,244,239

6. OVERVIEW PLESSP 2012-2016

7. PLESSP 2012-2016

8. GOVERNANCE – Targets and Achievements

9. Challenges facing the Sector • Increasing population at a rate of 3% annually • Emergencies: Conflict, floods, drought: • Socio-economic: poverty, lack of awareness, fee payment and family choices • Access: pastoralists, SNE children, marginal coastal populations, IDPs • Quality: teacher issues of training, incentives, TLMs, learning environment • MOEHE capacity: financial and Human resource

10. 1: Education Sector Governance

11. Educational Financing 2015/16 Projected Allocation by Government: 7.14% of Puntland State budget

12. Sources of funding for Education • Parents and CEC’s through fee payments • Government budgetary provision • Education partner support to teacher incentives through MoE • Education partner direct project support • Diaspora donations/infrastructure support • Private companies in Puntland

13. Educational Financing • Treasury assigned 5.22% of Puntland budget to MOEHE for 2015/16 • Less than the Action Plan projection of 7.14% • 40.5% of MOEHE budget goes to salaries for 1360 staff including teachers • 5.6% is budgeted for operational costs • Half of the allocated budget was not recieved

14. MOEHE Funding TRENDS

15. MOEHE Expenditure projections Financial estimates 2016

16. Contribution of Partners to EDUCATION

17. PARTNER CONTRIBUTION TO EDUCATION Source: education Partners

18. Parental contribution in Primary Schools Source: Draft Education Sector analysis, Puntland

19. PARENTAL CONTRIBUTION

20. FAMILY CONTRIBUTION vs. GDP INCOME • Somalia’s GDP income per capita is $ 435 (www.worldbank.org/en/country/somalia/overview) • Categorised by the bank as the fifth poorest country • Parents pay on average Usd 150 per child in primary per year (draft Education Sector Analysis, Puntland) • In large families, parents have to make hard choices

21. Education Financing: Projected Cost per sector 2015 Source: MOEHE, Action Plan

22. 2. Early Childhood Education (ECE)

23. 3. Primary Education: 2015/16 Targets NB: 2012=16 PLESSP target of Pry GER 56.9% is surpassed by 1%.

24. Primary schools: regional enrolment trends

25. Primary Gross Enrollment Rate (GER) Trends

26. Primary INFRASTRUCTURE

27. 4. Secondary targets/Achievements

28. Secondary education sector Source: EMIS data

29. Secondary school Enrolment Source: EMIS

30. SEC0ndary INFRASTRUCTURE

31. Teaching/learning materials

32. 5. TVET Targets and Achievements

33. Youth as an Asset/Dangerous group • Around 37.2% of the population in Puntland are youth aged between 15 to 24 (UNDP report, 2012) • 67% of Youth are unemployed (ILO’s,  Labour Force Survey for Somalia 2013) • 43% of youth with associate degrees but no job and 33% of youth with no skills stated intention to migrate (IOM Somalia: Research on Youth, employment and Migration) • This ‘youth bulge’ as an opportunity: with right investments , ‘youth as reliable workforce that can spur economic growth’. • Left on their own, unemployed youth , ‘can increase tensions in communities and put pressure on the national political structure’ • NB: “The development of the TVET subsector is a key instrument to support well-structured economic growth through industrial activity that will provide gainful livelihood opportunities in rural and urban areas alike” (PLESSP 2012-2016). • TVET development in Sync with PSG 4 (Priority 2) Expand opportunities for youth employment through job creation and skills development

34. TVET Enrolment • 67%of students in TVET are female. • There are both IBTVET and EBTVET in Puntland • Skills learnt include: electricity, wiring, carpentry, mechanics, computer studies, business skills, tailoring, plumbing, auto mechanics Source: EMIS

35. TVET Challenges • a) Lack of qualified TVET instructors • b) TVET in Puntland is project based and lacks sustainability • c) High number of vulnerable youth (Illiteracy, lack of skills and high level of unemployment) • d) Employability of TVET graduates: • TVET graduates are unemployed: 46% of TVET graduates are unemployed (Labor force survey in Somalia ) • i) Duration is quite short between 3 to 6 months • Relevance: projects and programs are designed through subjective assessments of beneficiaries ‘what skills do you want?’ Same skills offered overtime in the same area hence saturation. No set of new skills

36. 6. Higher Education Sector

37. Higher Education Enrolment by Institution

38. HIGHER EDUCATION CHALLENGES • Limited resources within the MoE&HE and HEIs (Financial and Human) • Some program offerings at HEIs are not fully in line with the market demand and are mostly in non-scientific areas • Limited employment opportunities for graduates • Inadequate opportunities for research and publications

39. 7. Education Quality

40. Key Achievements Source: MOEHE

41. Training in progress Source: MOEHE

42. Qualified Teachers Source: EMIS 2016

43. Teacher remuneration Sourec: Draft ESA

44. Quality Challenges: • Over 40% of primary teachers are not qualified to teach • 65.2% of secondary teachers lack requisite teaching certification to teach • 14.4% and 3.5% of teachers in primary and secondary schools respectively are female teachers • Funding for the National Examinations • More burden on the community to pay teachers. • Funding inadequacies to undertake school supervision • Emergencies: Conflict and drought and displacement of pupils and teachers

45. Quality Issues PCR stands at 47: 1 PTR stands at 26: 1

46. Pupil-Text book ratio SEC SCHOOLS

47. Education IN EMERGENCY • Conflict: Over 20,000 pupils displaced by conflict in Galkacyo (source: UNICEF report: https://www.unicef.org/somalia/media_18919.html) • Drought /wind • Impact on Education system collapse • School / education buildings and facilities destroyed • Children, teachers, parents, education authorities displaced or dead • Loss of teaching/learning and recreation materials • Impact on Children • Death • Displacement • Loss of family support and community safety nets • Limited or no access to facilities • Lack or loss of learning and livelihood opportunities

49. impact on the education? • Over 20,000 pupils displaced by conflict in Galkacyo (Source:UNICEF report: https://www.unicef.org/somalia/media_18919.html ) • 4 school closed in Qandala • 675 pupils left school

50. Situation in qandala: mix of conflict and Drought Source: REO Bari region