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Elastodynamics of Inorganic and Polymer Sculptured Thin Films

This research focuses on the elastodynamics of inorganic and polymer sculptured thin films. Topics include nanotechnology, metamaterials, and multifunctionality.

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Elastodynamics of Inorganic and Polymer Sculptured Thin Films

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  1. Elastodynamics of Inorganic and Polymer Sculptured Thin Films Akhlesh Lakhtakia NanoMM –– Nanoengineered Metamaterials Group Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State University 7th Iberian Vacuum Meeting 5th European Topical Conference on Hard Coatings Caparica, Portugal June 25, 2008

  2. Elastodynamics of Inorganic and Polymer Sculptured Thin Films Akhlesh Lakhtakia NanoMM –– Nanoengineered Metamaterials Group Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State University 7th Iberian Vacuum Meeting 5th European Topical Conference on Hard Coatings Caparica, Portugal June 25, 2008

  3. • Nanotechnology • Metamaterials •Sculptured Thin Films

  4. • Nanotechnology

  5. A. Lakhtakia Nanotechnology: The term Norio Tanaguchi (1974): ‘Nano-technology’ mainly consists of the processing of separation, consolidation, and deformation of materials by one atom or one molecule. N. Taniguchi, On the Basic Concept of 'Nano-Technology', Proc. Intl. Conf. Prod. Eng. Tokyo, Part II, Japan Society of Precision Engineering, 1974.

  6. A. Lakhtakia Nanotechnology: The term US Patents and Trademarks Office (2006): “Nanotechnology is related to research and technology development at the atomic, molecular or macromolecular levels, in the length of scale of approximately 1-100 nanometer range in at least one dimension; that provide a fundamental understanding of phenomena and materials at the nanoscale; and to create and use structures, devices and systems that have novel properties and functions because of their small and/or intermediate size.”

  7. A. Lakhtakia Nanotech Economy Total worldwide R&D funding = $ 9.6B in 2005 Governments (2005): $4.6B Established Corporations (2005): $4.5B Venture Capitalists (2005): $0.5B Source: Lux Research, The Nanotech Report, 4th Ed. (2006).

  8. A. Lakhtakia Nanotech Economy: Scope Source: Meridian Institute, Nanotechnology and the Poor: Opportunities and Risk (2005)

  9. A. Lakhtakia Nanotechnology promises to be • pervasive • ubiquitous

  10. A. Lakhtakia Nanotechnology & Life Source:

  11. A. Lakhtakia Nanotechnologies?

  12. • Metamaterials

  13. A. Lakhtakia Engineers and Composite Materials

  14. A. Lakhtakia Evolution of Materials Research • Material Properties (< ca.1970) • Design for Functionality (ca.1980) • Design for System Performance (ca. 2000)

  15. A. Lakhtakia Evolution of Materials Research • Material Properties (< ca.1970) • Design for Functionality (ca.1980) • Design for System Performance (ca. 2000)

  16. A. Lakhtakia Evolution of Materials Research • Material Properties (< ca.1970) • Design for Functionality (ca.1980) • Design for System Performance (ca. 2000)

  17. A. Lakhtakia Multifunctionality

  18. A. Lakhtakia Multifunctionality

  19. A. Lakhtakia Multifunctionality Performance Requirements on the Fuselage Light weight(for fuel efficiency) High stiffness(resistance to deformation) High strength(resistance to rupture)

  20. A. Lakhtakia Multifunctionality Performance Requirements on the Fuselage Light weight(for fuel efficiency) High stiffness(resistance to deformation) High strength(resistance to rupture) High acoustic damping(quieter cabin) Low thermal conductivity (less condensation; more humid cabin)

  21. A. Lakhtakia Multifunctionality Performance Requirements on the Fuselage Light weight(for fuel efficiency) High stiffness(resistance to deformation) High strength(resistance to rupture) High acoustic damping(quieter cabin) Low thermal conductivity(less condensation; more humid cabin)

  22. A. Lakhtakia Multifunctionality Performance Requirements on the Fuselage Light weight(for fuel efficiency) High stiffness(resistance to deformation) High strength(resistance to rupture) High acoustic damping(quieter cabin) Low thermal conductivity(less condensation; more humid cabin) Future: Conducting & other fibers for (i) reinforcement (ii) antennas (iii) environmental sensing (iv) structural health monitoring (iv) morphing

  23. A. Lakhtakia Metamaterials Rodger Walser SPIE Press (2003)

  24. A. Lakhtakia Walser’s Definition (2001/2) • macroscopic composites having a manmade, three-dimensional, periodic cellular architecture designed to produce an optimized combination, not available in nature, of two or more responses to specific excitation

  25. A. Lakhtakia “Updated” Definition compositesdesigned to produce an optimized combination of two or more responses to specific excitation

  26. Cellularity

  27. A. Lakhtakia Nanoengineered Metamaterials CellularityMultifunctionality

  28. A. Lakhtakia Nanoengineered Metamaterials CellularityMultifunctionality MorphologyPerformance

  29. A. Lakhtakia Nanoengineered Metamaterials Multi-component system = Assembly of different components • Component: • Simple action • Assembly of components: • Complex action

  30. A. Lakhtakia Nanoengineered Metamaterials Energy harvesting cell Chemisensor cell Energy storage cell Force-sensor cell Energy distributor cell Shape-changer cell RFcomm cell Light-source cell IRcomm cell

  31. A. Lakhtakia Nanoengineered Metamaterials Supercell

  32. A. Lakhtakia Nanoengineered Metamaterials Periodic Arrangement of Supercells Fractal Arrangement of Supercells Functionally Graded Arrangement of Supercells

  33. A. Lakhtakia Nanoengineered Metamaterials Biomimesis

  34. A. Lakhtakia Nanoengineered Metamaterials Biomimesis

  35. A. Lakhtakia Nanoengineered Metamaterials Fabrication Self-assembly Positional assembly Lithography Etching Ink-jet printing …. …. Hybrid techniques

  36. A. Lakhtakia Nanoengineered Metamaterials Fabrication Self-assembly Positional assembly Lithography Etching Ink-jet printing …. …. Hybrid techniques

  37. •Sculptured Thin Films

  38. Sculptured Thin Films A. Lakhtakia Assemblies of Parallel Curved Nanowires/Submicronwires Controllable Nanowire Shape

  39. Sculptured Thin Films A. Lakhtakia Assemblies of Parallel Curved Nanowires/Submicronwires Controllable Nanowire Shape

  40. Sculptured Thin Films A. Lakhtakia Morphological Change

  41. Sculptured Thin Films A. Lakhtakia Assemblies of Parallel Curved Nanowires/Submicronwires Controllable Nanowire Shape 2-D morphologies 3-D morphologies vertical sectioning Nanoengineered Materials (1-3 nm clusters) Controllable Porosity (10-90 %)

  42. Sculptured Thin Films A. Lakhtakia Antecedents: Young and Kowal - 1959 Niuewenhuizen & Haanstra - 1966 Motohiro & Taga - 1989 Conceptualized by Lakhtakia & Messier (1992-1995) Optical applications (1992-1995) Biological applications (2003-)

  43. Sculptured Thin Films A. Lakhtakia Research Groups Penn State Edinboro University of Pennsylvania Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania Millersville University Rensselaer Polytechnic University University of Arkansaa, Little Rock University of Toledo University of Georgia University of South Carolina University of Nebraska at Lincoln Pacific Northwest National Laboratory University of Alberta Queen’s University University of Moncton National Autonomous University of Mexico (xvi) Imperial College, London (xvii) University of Glasgow (xviii)University of Edinburgh (xix)University of Leipzig (xx) ENSMM, Besançon (xxi) Toyota R&D Labs (xxii) Kyoto University (xxiii) Hanyang University (xxiv) University of Otago (xxv) University of Canterbury (xxvi) Ben Gurion University of the Negev (xxvii) University of Campinas

  44. A. Lakhtakia Physical Vapor Deposition

  45. A. Lakhtakia Physical Vapor Deposition (Columnar Thin Films)

  46. A. Lakhtakia Physical Vapor Deposition (Sculptured Thin Films) Rotate about y axis for nematic morphology Rotate about z axis for helicoidal morphology Combined rotations for complex morphologies

  47. Sculptured Thin Films A. Lakhtakia Optical Devices:Polarization Filters Bragg Filters Ultranarrowband Filters Fluid Concentration Sensors Bacterial Sensors Biomedical Applications:Tissue Scaffolds Surgical Cover Sheets Other Applications: Photocatalysis (Toyota) Thermal Barriers (Alberta) Energy Harvesting (Penn State, Toledo)

  48. A. Lakhtakia Optics of Chiral STFs

  49. Chiral STFs: Circular Bragg Phenomenon

  50. Chiral STF as CP Filter A. Lakhtakia

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