Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemistry

1. Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemistry Prepared by Ms. Le

2. 1.1: Chemistry Dopamine • What is chemistry? • Study of Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies space. • Chemistry is the study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes. • Because living and nonliving things are made of matter, chemistry affects all aspects of life and most natural events.

3. The 5 traditional areas of study are: Inorganic chemistry Organic chemistry Biochemistry Analytical chemistry Physical chemistry Areas of Study

4. Inorganic Chemistry: The study of chemicals that generally do not contain carbon. Inorganic chemicals are found mainly in non-living things, such as rocks. Inorganic Chemistry

5. Organic chemistry: The study of all chemicals containing carbon and hydrogen. While it is true that organic compounds can contain other elements, the bond between carbon and hydrogen is what makes a compound organic. Organic Chemistry

6. Biochemistry • Biochemistry: The application of chemistry to the study of biological processes at the cellular and molecular level. • Biochemistry has become the foundation for understanding all biological processes. It has provided explanations for the causes of many diseases in humans, animals, and plants.

7. Analytical chemistry: The area of study that focuses on the composition of matter to reveal its composition, structure, and extent. It’s the science of determining what matter is and how much of it exists. Analytical Chemistry

8. Physical chemistry: The area that deals with the mechanism, the rate, and the energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change. There are 3 branches: Thermodynamics (energetics of chemical rxns), quantum chemistry (structure of molecules), and chemical kinetics (rates of rxn). Physical Chemistry

9. Making the Connection! Physical Chemistry A physical chemist might study factors that affect breathing rates during exercise Organic Chemistry Athletes inhale chemicals developed by organic chemists to control symptoms of asthma Analytical Chemistry Chemists develop tests to detect chemicals in the blood. The tests help to show if organs are functioning properly Inorganic Chemistry Look to explain how a lack of calcium can affect the growth and repair of bones Biochemistry Might study how the energy used for the contraction of muscles is produced and stored

10. Your Turn!!! Organic Chemistry Athletes inhale chemicals developed by organic chemists to control symptoms of asthma Physical Chemistry A physical chemist might study factors that affect breathing rates during exercise Analytical Chemistry Chemists develop tests to detect chemicals in the blood. The tests help to show if organs are functioning properly Inorganic Chemistry Look to explain how a lack of calcium can affect the growth and repair of bones Biochemistry Might study how the energy used for the contraction of muscles is produced and stored

11. Why is chemistry important? Chemistry can be useful in explaining the natural world, preparing people for career opportunities, and producing informed citizens. 1.2: Chemistry Far and Wide

12. Chemistry plays a key role in the production of new materials. In this section, you will learn how chemistry affects many aspects of your life. Chemistry supplies the medicine, material, and technology that doctors use to treat patients and find cures. Why Study Chemistry? GFP - Used in labs in order to detect diseases for cures.

14. Chemists play an essential role in finding ways to conserve, produce energy, and store energy.

15. Chemists also help to develop more effective and environmentally friendly ways to grow crops.

16. Lastly, chemists help to identify pollutants and ways to prevent pollution. Robofish Everything in the environment is composed of chemicals. Chemists search for new knowledge about chemicals and use it to improve life.

17. Refresh! 1. What are the 5 branches of chemistry? 2. Turn to the person sitting next to you and discuss what you remember about the scientific method.

18. The scientific method is a logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem. Steps in the scientific method include making observations, testing hypotheses, and developing theories. 1.3: Thinking Like a Scientist

19. What is the reason for why you’re conducting the experiment? Step 1: Purpose Why does the ocean look blue?

20. After sufficient data is collected, a hypothesis is proposed that states a possible explanation of the observations. Step 2: Formulate A Hypothesis VS

21. Design an experiment to test the validity of your hypothesis. What materials and procedures are involved? Step 3: Experiment Step 4: Analyze Analyze your collected data and see if you accept or reject your hypothesis.

22. Compare the hypothesis to the experiment’s conclusion. If it does not match, then propose a new hypothesis from your observations and start over. Step 5: Conclusion

23. Scientific Method in Your Life! You may not realize how often you use the scientific method in your life everyday!

24. Theory: Well tested explanation for a set of observations; can never be proven (open to revisions by other scientists who test the explanation). Law: A concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments. Scientific Theory vs. Law