Elements of Mechanical Engineering

1. Elements of Mechanical Engineering Components of 4-stroke Engine Created by:- Prashanth Nair Sawan Makwana Jigar Chauhan Harshil Gohel Saumil Joshi

2. BASIC COMPONENTS OF 4-stroke Engine Camshaft Intake Valve Exhaust Valve Valve Cover Spark Plug Intake Port Exhaust Port Head Piston Connecting Rod Coolant Rod Bearings Engine Block Crankshaft Oil Pan Oil Sump

3. 1.Frame • Frame generally consists of bed plate, crank case and supports the moving parts. • Bed plates are rigidly fixed with the foundation. • Lower portions of the crank cae contains oil for lubrication purpose.

4. 2. Cylinder block and Cylinder • Cylinder block is assembled with frame and it consists cylinder bore and opening of valves. • Inside of cylinder formed by liner or sleeve. • Cylinder is the head of the Engine where fuel is burnt. • Some space is left between the cylinder blocks and the cylinder which is known as jackets for the flow of cooling water.

5. Piston • It is a cylindrical component which slides up and down in a cylinder. • It is connected with small end of the connecting rod through gudgeon pin. • Piston moves due to action of hot gases and heat energy is converted into mechanical energy. • Piston rings are provided to prevent leakage of hot gases around the piston. • Generally made up of aluminium alloys.

6. Cam shaft • Movement of valve are regulated by the means of cams which are fitted on the shaft which is known as cam-shaft • Its driven by the crank shaft through pair of timing gears or a chain • Cam shaft rotates half the speed of the crank shaft. • The cam also carries a gear or cam which drives the distributor an oil pump • Made of steel forging.

7. Crank Shaft • I runs under the action of piaton through connecting rod and crank pin located between crank webs and transmit work from piston to driving end. • It converts reciprocating motion into rotatory motion. • It also drives other accessories like oil pump, water pump, dynamos, distributor units etc. • Made up of steel forging usually.

8. Connecting rod • This connects piston on one side through piston pin through crank pin. • It forms the main link for converting reciprocating motion of piston into rotatory motion of crank shaft. • Made up of steel forging

9. Valve gear mechanism • Combination of components that control the admission of fresh charge into cylinder and discharge of exhaust gases from cylinder is known as valve gear mechanism. • Mechanism consists of camshaft, cam, follower, pushrod, rocket arm, spring n’ valve • Inlet or suction valve controls the admission of fresh charges whereas the exhaust valve controls the admission of fresh charge whereas exhaust valce controls the discharge of exhaust gases • Valves are closed against the force from the compression springs. • They are made from nickel or chromium steel.

10. Spark Plug • Spark Plug is a device, inserted into the combustion chamber for firing an electrical spark to ignite air-fuel mixture

11. Flywheel • It is a heavy disc of wheel type part which is fitted on the crank shaft. • It takes care of the fluctuations of the cyclic variations in speed by storing energy during power stroke and releasing it during other strokes

12. Cylinder Head • It closes one end of the cylinder and often contains valve through it………….

13. That’s all thank you !! • Presented for The GTU examination submission • By Group 1 Sawan Makwana , Prashanth Nair, Jigar Chauhan, Saumil Joshi n’ Harshil Gohel