THE GREAT WAR “THE WAR TO END ALL WARS”

1. THE GREAT WAR“THE WAR TO END ALL WARS” “I got YOUR BACK!!!!! WORLD WAR I

2. Causes of War – M.A.I.N. • Militarism - Buildup of armed forces • Alliances - countries form pacts to help one another during hostile action • Imperialism - Countries of the world, especially Europe scramble to gain the unclaimed territories • Nationalism – Extreme pride in one’s country

3. Pre WWI Europe

4. The onset of WAR • The assassination of Austria-Hungary’s Archduke Franz Ferdinand lights the fuse

5. Onset of war (cont’d) • After F.F. is assassinated, A-H declares war on Serbia, the accused killer! • Russia, Serbia's protector under their alliance mobilizes their army. • Germany demands that Russia stand down, Russia refuses. • Germany mobilizes • IN response France mobilizes • BATTLE LINES ARE DRAWN

6. THE CENTRAL AND ALLIED POWERS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE WAR • CENTRAL = Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Ottoman Turks • Allied = France, Russia, Great Britain, and Serbia

7. Germany’s Schlieffen Plan • Germany’s plan to not get caught in two front war. (First strike) • March into France, Dominate them, force them to surrender and focus on Russia. • Their invasion tramples through Belgium, Great Britains protectorate thrusting G.B into the war.

9. Schlieffen Con’t • Germany is dominating France until G.B. sends its troops in the nick of time • Stops Germany 30 miles from Paris. • A stalemate ensues due to new weaponry and trench warfare occurs for the next 4 years

10. Map of the Plan

11. WWI battlefield

13. Trenches • Trenches were very elaborate. • Were never built in straight line • Were high enough to stand in. • All aspects of life happened in trenches, sleeping, eating, relaxing, restroom use etc.

18. Trenches had no drainage system TRENCHFOOT After rainstorms, it was common for soldiers to be up to their knees in mud. Also, soldiers had to live among their own excrement, and usually they had to battle rats for food. Rats were rumored to beomce as large as cats and at times they were killed and eaten for food.

20. WWI Battlefield • In previous wars, horseback charges led to the advancement of troops. • The machine gun ended the advancement of troops on foot or horseback. • The machine gun could wipe out whole platoons trying to cross no-mans land

21. Tanks • Tanks were created as a means to cross no mans land. • These heavliy armored vehicles could run over barbed wire and resist machine gun fire. They would clear a path for troops

22. WWI Tanks in action

24. Barbed Wire • Even if a person braved no mans land they would have to pass heavy barbed wire to reach the enemies trench • The barbed wire was almost impenetrable and if it was penetrated, it slowed troops down just enough time to get off an accurate shot!

25. Barbed Wire

27. Poison Gas • World war I saw the use of the 1st Weapons of mass destruction - Mustard gas • If inhaled your lungs would liquify and you would drown it also cause blindness and skin blistering

29. OTHER WEAPONS • FLAME THROWERS • Airplanes • Motorcycles • Railguns

32. American Isolationism • President Wilson wants to stay out of the war. • US supplies weapons • American industrialists give loans to Allies • Industrialists want to see these loans paid back.

33. American involvement For 3 years America is neutral, but involvement is inevitable. U.S. takes a great disliking for Unrestricted submarine warfare. The Lusitania is sunk which has 128 Amer. Citizens on board

34. America cont’d • Germany sends Zimmerman telegram - encourages Mexico to invade the U.S. to keep them out of Europe. (was the note real?) • News Papers push for war. • America ENTERS THE WAR.

35. AMERICAN INVOLVEMENT • April 6th, 1917 America sends its first (AEF) American Expeditionary Force to Europe. • Fight separate of the Europeans. • Led by John J. “BlackJack” Pershing, America turns the tide of the war.

36. classwork • P. 625 1-2 • P. 631 1-2 • Define Espionage Act and explain why it was passed? Pp. 630-632 • P. 634 – Define - Great Migration • (your opinion) List top 2 push and pull factors • Answer Geog. and History Question • P. 639 2-3 • Schenk V. USA on p. 636 What was Charles Schenck convicted of? What did Schenck’s pamphlet encourage? What did Schenck say protected his actions? What was the Supreme Court’s decision?

37. Wars end • New troops, new supplies, and new weapons are too much for the Germans and Austrian-Hungarians. • America repeatedly drives back the enemy until an armistice is signed on Nov., 11, 1918 • 11th day 11th month at 11th hour war ends

38. Wilson and making peace • Fourteen points - Wilson’s program for reaching peace • “League of Nations” - an organization to ensure world peace (the U.S.’s idea but we don’t join) • P. 644 1-3 • What did Wilson mean by “peace without victory? • Treaty of Versailles signed May 7, 1919 • Treaty was very harsh on Germany. This will later come back to haunt the world with another war

39. Palmer Raids, and the red scare • In post WWI, the Russian Revolution takes hold. • Russian Revolution (1917) • Russian Civil War – • As a result of the communists vowing to spread their ideology, America begins to take more harsh actions against radicals. And the First Red Scare ensues. • Define – The First Red Scare • Define - Palmer Raids • What were the Palmer Raids a response to?

40. Domestic impact • Great migration revisited • (AMSOUS – Boom pt 2) • The Roaring 20’s • Prohibition and mafia (we will discuss this further next unit)