1 / 59

The future of health care

The future of health care. Richard Smith Editor, BMJ www.bmj.com/talks. The possible agenda. Dangers and difficulties of looking to the future Why bother then? How best to think about the future? What is Foresight? Drivers of the future Three scenarios

lotus
Download Presentation

The future of health care

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. The future of health care Richard Smith Editor, BMJ www.bmj.com/talks

  2. The possible agenda • Dangers and difficulties of looking to the future • Why bother then? • How best to think about the future? • What is Foresight? • Drivers of the future • Three scenarios • Pictures of the future of health care • Two reports on the future of health care • What does the future mean for now?

  3. Dangers of predicting the future • I never make predictions, especially about the future. • Sam Goldwyn Mayer

  4. Predictions of Lord Kelvin, president of the Royal Society, 1890-95 • "Radio has no future" • "Heavier than air flying machines are impossible" • "X rays will prove to be a hoax”

  5. Looking to the future: common mistakes • Making predictions rather than attaching probabilities to possibilities • Simply extrapolating current trends • Thinking of only one future

  6. Looking to the future: common mistakes • People consistently overestimate the effect of short term change and underestimate the effect of long term change. • Ian Morrison, former president of the Institute for the Future

  7. Why bother with the future? • "If you think that you can run an organisation in the next 10 years as you've run it in the past 10 years you're out of your mind." • CEO, Coca Cola

  8. Why bother with the future? • “The future belongs to the unreasonable ones, the ones who look forward not backward, who are certain only of uncertainty, and who have the ability and the confidence to think completely differently.” • Charles Handy quoting Bernard Shaw

  9. Why bother with the future? • The point is not to predict the future but to prepare for it and to shape it

  10. How best to think about the future? • No answer to the question, but one way • Think of the drivers of change • Use the drivers to imagine different scenarios of the future • Imagine perhaps three; each should be plausible but different • Extrapolate back from those future scenarios to think about what to do now to prepare

  11. What is Foresight? • Foresight is a method of thinking about the future in order to think about what should be done now • The British government has conducted two rounds: startingin1994 and 1999 • The first round was concerned mainly with informing research policy; the second was much broader, including social impacts

  12. The aims of Foresight • To produce a report on how the future might look • To provide material for central and local government and public and private organisations to prepare for the future • To shape the future • To get a whole lot of people thinking about the future

  13. The methods of Foresight • Decide on subjects • Gather a group together--diversity is important • Ask them to think about the future, using whatever methods they want • Oblige them to think along way ahead (2020 in the latest round)

  14. The methods of Foresight • Oblige them to be bold and creative (hard) • Try and persuade them not to be too linear (hard) • Oblige them to think about scientific, organisatiomal, political, and social implications • Ask them to make recommendations on what should happen now to prepare for the future • Disseminate with energy

  15. The Foresight panels 1999 • Healthcare • Ageing population • Crime prevention • Manufacturing • Built environment and transport • Chemicals • Defence, aerospace, and systems

  16. The Foresight panels 1999 • Energy and natural environment • Financial services • Food chain and crops for industry • Information, communications, and media • Materials • Retail and consumer services • Impact of e-commerce on future business models

  17. Healthcare task forces • Public and patients • International influences on health and healthcare • Older people • Organisation and delivery of healthcare • Information

  18. Healthcare task forces • Delivering the promise of the human genome • Pharmaceuticals, biotechnology and medical devices • Neuropsychiatric health • Transplantation

  19. Drivers of change in health care • Internet • Beginning of the information age • Globalisation • Cost containment • Big ugly buyers • Ageing of society • Managerialism • Increasing public accountability

  20. Drivers of change in health care • Rise of sophisticated consumers • 24/7 society • Science and technology --particularly molecular biology and IT • Ethical issues to the fore • Changing boundaries between health and health care • Environment

  21. Examples of future scenarios for information and health

  22. Three possible futures: titanium • Information technology develops fast in a global market • Governments have minimal control • People have a huge choice of technologies and information sources • People are suspicious of government sponsored services • There are many “truths”

  23. Three possible futures: iron • A top down, regulated world • People are overwhelmed by information so turn to trusted institutions--like the NHS • Experts are important • Information is standardised • Public interest is more important than privacy

  24. Three possible futures: wood • People react against technology as against genetically modified foods • Legislation restricts technological innovation • Privacy is highly valued • Internet access is a community not an individual resource • There are no mobile phones

  25. Pictures of the future of health care

  26. Pictures? • Asking people to draw pictures can free up their thinking as well as those who look at the drawings • It’s the conversation around the drawings rather than the drawings that matters • Having said that, here are two pictures of the future of health care that I carry in my mind. • The first is from Tom Ferguson, an acute observer of the digital age, and the second from Uwe Reinhart, professor of economics at Princeton

  27. Fee for service for the rich Marks and Spencer style managed care for the middle classes Safety net service for the poor

  28. Two reports on the future of health care

  29. Healthcare 2020 Foresight Healthcare Panel Department of Trade and Industry, London www.foresight.gov.uk

  30. Selections from Healthcare 2020 • 42 recommendations • Institutionalise thinking about the future--otherwise, as with genetics, the future may take longer to realise • More “rolled back healthcare”--more community and home based healthcare with IT support

  31. Selections from Healthcare 2020 • Chronic disease management will be a cornerstone of future healthcare • Diagnosis needs to be made more rational--as the Cochrane Collaboration has done for treatment • Patients and the public will come to the heart of healthcare--but how will this happen with the public?

  32. Selections from Healthcare 2020 • Improving health through innovations in social policy rather than through high tech • Putting health at the centre not the edge of politics • Regeneration medicine will become a major component of healthcare--use of stem cells, xenotransplantation, tissue engineering, induced regeneration, modulation of the ageing process

  33. Selections from Healthcare 2020 • Physical and engineering sciences will become much more important • whole systems engineering • mimicry of sensor/effector pathways • image analysis • predictive modeling of biological behaviour • clinical decision support

  34. Selections from Healthcare 2020 • We have done badly with neuropsychiatric illness, but it will become steadily higher profile with rising prevalence and a sharp increase in diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities • Dementia may eventually strike 85% of the population • A greater emphasis is needed on prevention

  35. Selections from Healthcare 2020 • Beyond electronic patient records to “health biographies” • Cyberphysicians • Moving from information to knowledge

  36. Information and health: technological developments • “Think for itself hardware” and self-generating software by 2020 • Wearable computers; “intelligent clothing” • Personal agents-- “digital butlers”; smart sensing • Electronic circuitry can be connected to nerves and tissues

  37. Cyberphysicians: “the problem” • Healthcare is a “knowledge based business” but information is poorly delivered • Doctors now suffer from the “information paradox”--drowning in information but cannot find the information they need • Patient information is often neither evidence based nor easily accessible

  38. Cyberphysicians • The number and form of “infomediaries”--knowledge brokers will proliferate • All the information available to professional will be available to patients • Cyberphysicians will look after people’s health, detecting changes through sensors, prompting preventive activities and treatments

  39. Infomediaries: doc.coms • People will be able to use doc.coms to: • Ask questions • Interact with others with similar interests • Use software that will help with health risks • Use decision support systems • Consult with professionals • Access their own health records • Buy health related products

  40. Health records: “the problem” • Current health records are: • Paper based • Disorganised • Often illegible • Lost • Scattered • Poorly linked

  41. Health records • Health records might be • Electronic, lifelong, perhaps recording all food and drink consumption, exercise, etc • Accessible from anywhere • Linked to other records, like social care • Multimedia • Collect information from sensors in the body or home • Data mined • But beware Big Brother

  42. Crossing the quality chasmA new health system for the 21st century Institute of Medicine, 2001

  43. Report’s opening quote Knowing is not enough; we must apply Willing is not enough; we must do Goethe

  44. IOM report: the problem • Between the health care we have and the care we could have lies not just a gap, but a chasm • A system full of underuse, inappropriate use, and overuse of care • Unable to deliver today’s science and technology; will be even worse with innovations in the pipeline

  45. IOM report: the problem • A fragmented system characterised by unnecessary duplication, long waits, and delays • Poor information systems; disorganised knowledge • “Brownian motion” rather than organisational redesign

  46. IOM report: the problem • A system designed for episodic care when most disease is chronic • Health care providers operate in silos

  47. IOM report: moving forward • Commit to a national statement of purpose for the health care system • Six aims • safety, avoid injuries • effective, evidence based • patient centred, patient values guide decisions • timely, reduce waiting and delay • efficient, avoid waste • equitable, care doesn’t vary by gender, ethnicity, etc

  48. IOM report: 10 rules for redesigning health care • 1. Care based on continuous healing relationships--care whenever its needed, not just through face to face visits • 2. Customisation based on patient needs and values • 3. The patient as the source of control • 4. Shared knowledge and free flow of information

  49. IOM report: 10 rules for redesigning health care • 5.Evidence based decision making • 6. Safety as a system property • 7. The need for transparency--all information available, including the system’s performance on safety, evidence based practice, and patient satisfaction • 8. Anticipation of needs

More Related