1 / 52

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment Chapter 6: Managing Disks and Data Storage

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment Chapter 6: Managing Disks and Data Storage. Objectives. Understand concepts related to disk management Manage partitions and volumes on a Windows Server 2003 system

lotus
Download Presentation

70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment Chapter 6: Managing Disks and Data Storage

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 EnvironmentChapter 6: Managing Disks and Data Storage

  2. Objectives • Understand concepts related to disk management • Manage partitions and volumes on a Windows Server 2003 system • Understand the purpose of mounted drives and how to implement them • Understand the fault tolerant disk strategies natively supported in Windows Server 2003 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  3. Objectives (continued) • Determine disk and volume status information and import foreign disks • Maintain disks on a Windows Server 2003 system using a variety of native utilities 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  4. Disk Management Concepts • Windows Server 2003 supports two data storage types: • Basic disks • Uses traditional disk management techniques • Has primary partitions, extended partitions, logical drives • Dynamic disks • Does not use traditional disk partitioning • No restriction on number of volumes implemented on one disk 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  5. Basic Disks • Maximum of four primary partitions or three primary and one extended partition on a disk • Each primary partition: • Can use FAT, FAT32, or NTFS file system • Has a drive letter • Boot partition • Operating system files reside on boot partition • Can be located on a primary partition or logical drive 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  6. Primary Partitions • A basic drive must contain at least one and no more than four primary partitions • One partition is the system (or active) partition • Contains files to start operating system • Usually drive C on Windows • Can also be used for traditional data storage 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  7. Extended Partitions and Logical Drives • An extended partition: • Is created from free hard disk space that is not partitioned, formatted, or assigned a drive letter • Allows you to extend the four-partition limit • Can be divided into logical drives • Each drive is then formatted and assigned a drive letter 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  8. Volume Sets and Stripe Sets • Only on Windows NT Server 4.0 • Volume set • Two or more partitions combined to look like one volume with a single drive letter • Stripe set • Two or more disks striped for RAID level 0 or 5 • Windows Server 2003 and 2000 provide backward compatibility • Can use but not create 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  9. Dynamic Disks • Can set up a large number of volumes per disk • Volumes are similar to partitions but with additional capabilities • Reasons to implement dynamic disks include • Can extend NTFS volumes • Can configure RAID volumes for fault tolerance and performance • Can reactivate missing or offline disks • Can change disk settings with restarting computer 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  10. Simple Volume and Spanned Volume • A simple volume: • Dedicated, formatted portion of space on a dynamic disk • NTFS volumes can be extended (not system or boot) • A spanned volume: • Space in 2 to 32 dynamic disks • Treated as a single volume • Allows you to maximize use of scattered space across several disks 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  11. Striped Volume • Referred to as RAID level 0 • Implemented for performance enhancement, particularly for storage of large files • Not fault tolerant • Requires from 2 to 32 disks • Data is written in 64 KB blocks across rows in the volume 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  12. Striped Volume (continued) 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  13. Managing Partitions and Volumes • Primary tool is Disk Management • Central facility for • Viewing information • Creating partitions and volumes • Deleting partitions and volumes • Converting basic disks to dynamic disks 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  14. Managing Partitions and Volumes (continued) 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  15. Managing Disk Properties • Disk Management: • Can be added to a custom MMC • Most commonly accessed via Storage section of Computer Management • Used for the creation, deletion, and management of disks, partitions, and volumes • Shares some property sheets with Windows Explorer, Device Manager 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  16. Managing Disk Properties (continued) 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  17. Activity 6-1: Viewing and Managing Disk Properties with Disk Management • Objective: Use Disk Management to view the properties of a hard disk and partition • From AdminXX account • Start  My Computer  Manage  Expand Storage  Disk Management • Explore information available for partitions, disks, and volumes as directed 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  18. Activity 6-2: Creating and Deleting a Primary Partition • Objective: Use Disk Management to create and delete a new primary partition • Create a new NTFS partition using the New Partition Wizard • Assign a drive letter • Verify that the new partition was created • Delete the partition 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  19. Activity 6-3: Creating an Extended Partition • 6-3 Objective: To create an extended partition using the New Partition Wizard • Once an extended partition has been created, you can create a logical drive 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  20. Activity 6-4: Creating a Logical Drive • 6-4 Objective: To create a logical drive within the new partition using the New Partition Wizard 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  21. Activity 6-5: Converting a Basic Disk to a Dynamic Disk • Objective: To convert a basic disk to a dynamic disk using Disk Management • Convert and verify according to exercise • If necessary to convert from dynamic to basic • Must be empty, backup first • Once a dynamic disk is available • Can create different types of volumes on the disk 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  22. Activity 6-6: Creating a Simple Volume • Objective: To create a simple volume on a dynamic disk • Create using New Volume Wizard • Format in NTFS file system • Assign a drive letter 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  23. Extending Volumes • Volume can be extended unless • Functioning as boot or system volume • Possible tools • Disk Management • DISKPART command-line utility 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  24. Activity 6-7: Extending a Volume Using DISKPART • Objective: To extend a volume using the DISKPART command • Open the command line and enter the DISKPART command • Select the simple volume and extend the size by 50 MB • Verify that the size of the volume has been increased 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  25. Mounted Drives • Mounting a drive is an alternative to assigning it a drive letter • A mounted drive is represented as a folder with a normal path • To mount a drive: • Must be on an NTFS volume • Must be an empty folder • Reasons: • 26 drive letter limit • Path access is convenient • Backups 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  26. Activity 6-8: Mounting an NTFS Volume • Objective: To mount an NTFS volume • Create an empty folder • Use Disk Management to mount a drive to the folder • Test by creating a test folder on the drive and viewing it from the mounted folder 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  27. Fault Tolerant Disk Strategies • Fault tolerance • The ability to recover gracefully from hardware or software failure • Hard disks do fail periodically • Software RAID provides various levels of fault tolerance • A combination of RAID and backup can minimize disruption and loss of data 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  28. RAID Levels • Redundant Array of Independent Disk strategies • Set of standards for: • Lengthening disk life • Preventing data loss • Enabling uninterrupted access to data • Windows Server 2003 supports level 0, 1, and 5 • RAID level 0 • Striping with no other redundancy features • RAID level 1 • Disk mirroring (duplicating data from main disk to backup disk) 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  29. RAID Levels (continued) • RAID level 2 • Disk striping, error correction across all disks • RAID level 3 • Disk striping, error correction on 1 disk • RAID level 4 • Disk striping, error correction across all disks, checksum on 1 disk • RAID level 5 • Disk striping, error correction across all disks, checksum across all disks 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  30. RAID Levels (continued) • Supported on FAT and NTFS • Either RAID level 1 or 5 is usually recommended • Considerations: • Placement of boot and system files • Number of disks required or supported • Cost (per megabyte of storage) • Amount of memory required • Read and write access speed 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  31. Striped Volume (RAID 0) • Reasons to use: • Reduce wear on disk drives by equalizing load • Increase disk performance • No specific fault tolerance support • Can be created using New Volume Wizard 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  32. Mirrored Volume (RAID 1) • Creates a copy of data on a backup disk • Requires 2 disks • Highly effective fault tolerance since a complete copy of data is available • Disk read performance is equal to non-mirrored • Disk write time is doubled • Created through New Volume Wizard 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  33. Mirrored Volume (continued) 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  34. RAID-5 Volume • Requires a minimum of 3 disks • Provides good fault tolerance • Parity information distributed across all drives • Performance slower than with a striped volume (parity information must be computed and stored) 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  35. RAID-5 Volume (continued) • Read access is equal to striped volume • Storage requirement for parity information is 1/n with n the number of disks • Created through New Volume Wizard 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  36. RAID-5 Volume (continued) 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  37. Software RAID and Hardware RAID • Software RAID uses existing hardware and implements particular software strategies • Hardware RAID requires specialized hardware (more expensive) but lessens the burden on the OS • Often implemented on the adapter for disk drives • Often includes a battery backup • Advantages include: faster read and write, mixed RAID levels, failed disk hot-swap, better setup options 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  38. Monitoring Disk Health and Importing Foreign Disks • Disk Management provides status information on disks and volumes • Number of different status descriptions • Windows Server 2003 provides the ability to import disks from other servers if necessary (foreign disks) 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  39. Disk and Volume Status Descriptions • Optimal descriptions: • Disk should be ONLINE • Volume should be HEALTHY • Common volume messages include: • Failed, failed redundancy, formatting, healthy, regenerating, resyncing, unknown • Common disk messages include: • Audio CD, foreign, initializing, missing, no media, not initialized, online, online (errors), offline, unreadable 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  40. Importing Foreign Disks • Used when a server fails • Disks from the server can be moved to another server • When first connected, the disk status will be foreign and it will not be accessible • Use the Import Foreign Disks option on the disk • If multiple disks are imported • Each disk is imported individually • Default is that disk will use its original drive letter but an available letter is chosen if there is a conflict 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  41. Other Disk Maintenance and Management Utilities • Introduces disk-related utilities other than Disk Management • Some provide extra features or functions • Some are similar but are accessible from the command line 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  42. Check Disk • Allows you to scan a disk for bad sectors and file system errors • Disk can’t be in use during scan • Two start options: • Automatically fix file system errors • Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors • CHKDSK command-line utility has similar functionality 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  43. CONVERT • CONVERT is a command-line utility • Converts existing FAT and FAT32 partitions or volumes to NTFS • Leaves existing data intact 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  44. Disk Cleanup • Allows an administrator to determine where disk space is being used and could potentially be freed • Files that can be removed include: • Temporary internet files • Downloaded program files • Files in recycle bin • Windows temporary files • No longer used Windows components and programs • Can also compress files • Command-line version is CLEANMGR 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  45. Disk Defragmenter • Free disk space eventually become fragmented as files are created and removed • Results in slower access and higher disk wear • Defragmentation attempts to place files in contiguous areas • Defragmentation should be done periodically 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  46. Activity 6-9: Using the Disk Defragmenter Utility • Objective: to analyze and defragment a volume using the Disk Defragmenter utility • The utility graphically displays the fragmentation status of the disk before and after defragmentation • Command-line version of command is DEFRAG • Can be used to schedule defragmentation when used with a batch file and Task Scheduler • Get complete syntax and options with DEFRAG /? 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  47. DISKPART • Command-line utility for managing disks, volumes, partitions • Uses include: • Configuring active partition, assigning drive letters, implementing fault tolerance schemes, etc. • Can manage disks from within scripts • Get the complete syntax and options with DISKPART /? 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  48. FORMAT • Used to implement a file system on an existing partition • Also used on MS-DOS and Windows 9X • Has a variety of advanced settings • Setting allocation unit (cluster) size • Command-line version can be run from scripts • Get the complete syntax and options with FORMAT /? 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  49. FSUTIL • Used with FAT, FAT32, and NTFS file systems • Includes many advanced features, requires experienced user • Information available includes: • Listings of drives, volume information, NTFS-specific data • Tasks include: • Managing disk quotas, displaying free space • Get complete information in Help and Support Center 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

  50. MOUNTVOL • Used to create, delete, or list volume mount points from command line • VolumeName parameter is difficult to use • Complicates adding new mount point • Doesn’t affect removing mount points • Get complete syntax and options with MOUNTVOL /? 70-290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

More Related