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Georgia Studies

Georgia Studies. Chapter 11. Section 1—The Roaring Twenties. Vocabulary Jazz The blues Boll weevil Great Migration. The New Woman. 1920 – 19 th Amendment gave women the right to vote More women in the workforce

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Georgia Studies

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  1. Georgia Studies Chapter 11

  2. Section 1—The Roaring Twenties • Vocabulary • Jazz • The blues • Boll weevil • Great Migration

  3. The New Woman • 1920 – 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote • More women in the workforce • Flappers: name given to women who took on the new fashion – known for short hair, make-up, dancing, drinking • First women in Georgia legislature: Bessie Kempton Crowell & Viola Ross Napier • Rebecca Latimer Felton first woman in U.S. Senate

  4. Music • Speakeasies: clubs known for having liquor (which was illegal) • Jazz: became popular music – Louis Armstrong & Duke Ellington • Cotton Club in Harlem NY most famous jazz club • Blues: based on black folk music – Ma Rainey & Bessie Smith • The Charleston was the popular dance

  5. Singing the Blues Video

  6. Crime • Prohibition: laws made sale and distribution of alcohol illegal • Gangsters supplied liquor to speakeasies and clubs • Famous gangsters from New York and Chicago: Al Capone; Baby Face Nelson • Al Capone: “Public Enemy No. 1”

  7. Life in the Roaring Twenties • Life in US after World War I was good • More modern conveniences freed women from household chores • Electricity became more available • Other inventions included gas stoves, toasters, sliced bread, baby food • Radio: WSB started in Atlanta • 1927: first talking motion picture • Walt Disney creates Mickey Mouse

  8. The Voice of the South Video

  9. The Destruction of King Cotton • Boll weevil: insect which ate Georgia’s most important cash crop • Price of cotton also dropped • 1924: major drought (period with little or no rain) hit Georgia • Georgia farmers did not have the “good life” that many Americans enjoyed • Farms closed forcing banks and farm-related business to close

  10. The Great Migration • Many tenant farmers left Georgia to work in northern factories • Chicago and Detroit were popular destinations • Many African Americans moved north for better pay, education, and more citizenship rights such as voting • Young men sent north first to get jobs; sent for the family when they had saved enough money

  11. The Klan Strengthens • Targeted African Americans, Jews, Catholics, and immigrants • Number of members increased in every state • 1925: Klan march on Washington with 40,000 members • Declining membership by the end of the decade as members were linked to racial terrorism

  12. A Special Day • 1927: Charles Lindbergh became first person to fly nonstop from New York to Paris • 3,600 mile trip, 33 ½ hours – traveled alone • No navigation or weather instruments • Won $25,000 prize • “Spirit of St. Louis” was his plane Click to return to Table of Contents.

  13. Section 2—The Great Depression • Vocabulary • Stock market • Great Depression • laissez-faire • relief

  14. The Bottom Drops Out • Stock Market: Place where shares of ownership in corporations (stock) are bought and sold • “Black Tuesday” – October 29, 1929: Stock market prices fall greatly; millions of people loose all their wealth • Total losses by end of year: $40 billion • Example: U.S. Steel was $262 per share – dropped to $22 per share • Some stocks worth less than 1¢

  15. Causes of the Depression • Many people had borrowed too much money • Factories produced more goods than they could sell • As people and businesses had problems making money, banks did not get paid for loans • “Speculation” in the stock market: paying only a portion of the price of a stock hoping that the value will go up • Runs on banks: people were afraid they would lose their money if it was left in the bank • laissez-faire: attitude that the economy would fix itself if left alone

  16. Living Through the Depression • 1932: 13 million unemployed • 9,000 banks closed • 31 Georgia banks failed • Hoovervilles: named for President Hoover – shacks where homeless people gathered • Soup kitchens set up by charities and governments to feed hungry • Schools were often forced to close or shorten schedules • Georgians were already suffering from economic problems before Black Tuesday

  17. Easing the Burden • President Hoover’s plan: government would buy farmer’s crops to help raise the price • Plan did not work, but the food and cotton were used to help the needy • Another plan was to hire unemployed people to do work for the government • Plan did not employ enough people to really help Click to return to Table of Contents.

  18. The Great Depression Video

  19. Depression Era Hobo Video

  20. Section 3—The New Deal • Vocabulary • New Deal • minimum wage • stretch out • collective bargaining • rural electrification • subsidy • integrate • People to know • Franklin D. Roosevelt • Richard B. Russell • Ellis Arnall • Eugene Talmadge

  21. The New Deal • 1932: Franklin D. Roosevelt elected president • New Deal: Roosevelt’s plan to end the depression • Examined banks for soundness • Give jobs to unemployed workers • Tried to improve American’s lives • Paved the way for recovery though all programs did not work

  22. Georgia and the New Deal • NIRA: National Industrial Recovery Act – set minimum wage • Textile mill owners did not like the minimum wage • Stretch out: mill owners tried to make workers work longer, faster, or more tasks • TVA: Tennessee Valley Authority – Blue Ridge Lake, Lake Chatuge, Lake Nottley built • CCC: Civilian Conservation Corps – built many parks, sewer systems, bridges, etc. • REA: Rural Electrification Authority – brought electric power to rural areas

  23. African Americans During the New Deal • Did not benefit from many New Deal programs • WPA: Works Public Administration – did employ many African Americans • Roosevelt’s “Black Cabinet”: influential African Americans working with President Roosevelt: • Mary McLeod Bethune • Clark Foreman • Robert Weaver • William Hastie

  24. Georgia’s New Deal Governors • Richard B. Russell • Worked to reorganize state government like a successful business • Elected to U.S. Senate and served for 38 years • Eugene Talmadge • Did not like New Deal programs in Georgia • Eurith “Ed” Rivers • Worked with Roosevelt to increase New Deal spending in Georgia • Began programs for public housing • Term ended with corruption problems

  25. Georgia’s New Deal Governors • Talmadge re-elected in 1940 • Began to use some New Deal programs • Used his power as governor to remove state officials working to integrate Georgia’s state colleges • Ellis Arnall • Reformed Board of Regents and state prisons • Removed poll tax • New state constitution Click to return to Table of Contents.

  26. The Rural Electrification Administration Video

  27. Dreams Never Realized: The Strike of 1914-15

  28. Section 4—World War II • Vocabulary • isolationism • dictator • appeasement • World War II • Holocaust • ration • G.I. Bill

  29. Increasing Tensions • Dictator: individual who ruled a country through military strength

  30. The War Begins • 1938: Hitler’s Germany attacks France to “take back” land lost in WWI (Rhineland) • Sent troops to take over Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland • Great Britain and France declared war • Soviet Union invaded nearby countries and agreed to split Poland with Germany • By 1940, Hitler controlled Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg and a large part of France and began bombing Great Britain

  31. A Neutral United States • Most Americans did not want to get involved in the war, but Roosevelt wanted to help Britain • Hitler turned on Stalin in 1941 and invaded the Soviet Union • Lend-lease: policy to lend or lease (rent) weapons to Great Britain and the Soviet Union • American ships began escorting British ships in convoys

  32. “A Day that Will Live in Infamy” • President Roosevelt stopped exports to Japan to protest its expansion into other countries • Exports of oil, airplanes, aviation gasoline and metals were stopped • The Japanese attacked the U.S. Navy fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on Dec. 7, 1941 • Japan hoped to destroy the fleet giving them control of the Pacific Ocean • The USA declared war on Japan • Allied Powers: USA, Great Britain, Soviet Union • Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan

  33. American Military Forces • Millions of Americans enlisted after the attack on Pearl Harbor • 330,000 women joined – could not serve in combat roles • Segregation in the military kept African American and white service men in different units • Tuskegee Airmen: famous African American flyers of the Army Air Force

  34. The War in Europe • 1942-1943: British and American troops won control of Africa • 1943: Mussolini overthrown and Italy joined the Allies • American general Dwight D. Eisenhower coordinated plan to recapture Europe • D-Day: June 6, 1944 – Allied forces land in northern France • Early 1945: Germans pushed out of France • April 1945: Soviet and American troops meet and Germany surrenders – Hitler commits suicide

  35. Georgia Loses a Friend • President Roosevelt visited Georgia often at his “Little White House” in Warm Springs • His polio symptoms were eased in the mineral springs • April 24, 1945: President Roosevelt died at Warm Springs • Millions of Georgians and Americans mouned • Vice President Harry Truman became president

  36. The War in the Pacific • 1942: Japan expanded its territory throughout the Asian Pacific region • 1945: Allied forces began to retake Japanese controlled lands • Japan refused to surrender • President Truman authorized the use of atomic bombs to force Japan’s surrender • Enola Gay: plane that dropped first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan • Japan surrendered after a second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki • Over 50 million people died in the war

  37. The Holocaust • The Holocaust: name given to the Nazi plan to kill all Jewish people • Auschwitz, Buckenwald, Dachau, Treblinka, Bergen-Belsen infamous concentration camps where Jews and others were executed • 6 million people killed in the Holocaust

  38. Georgia During World War II • 320,000 Georgians joined the armed forces – over 7,000 killed • Military bases were built in the state which improved the economy • Farmers grew needed crops – income tripled for the average farmer • Limits were put on the consumption of goods such as gasoline, meat, butter, and sugar (rationing) • Students were encouraged to buy war bonds and defense stamps to pay for the war • Victory Garden: small family gardens to make sure soldiers would have enough food • POW (prisoner of war) camps in Georgia at some military bases

  39. The War’s Effects on Society • Everyone was expected to help in the war effort • Women began working in jobs to replace men who had gone to war • G.I. Bill: law to help returning soldiers adapt to civilian life • Low cost loans for homes or business • College education opportunities • Women and African Americans did not want to go back to the kind of life they had before the war Click to return to Table of Contents.

  40. Click to return to Table of Contents.

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