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Chapter 8 Sexual Behaviors

Chapter 8 Sexual Behaviors. Celibacy. Types of Celibacy Complete celibacy Partial celibacy. Reasons for or Benefits of Celibacy. Religious, moral beliefs Waiting for the appropriate person Learning about other aspects of self Health considerations During substance abuse recovery.

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Chapter 8 Sexual Behaviors

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  1. Chapter 8Sexual Behaviors

  2. Celibacy • Types of Celibacy • Complete celibacy • Partial celibacy

  3. Reasons for or Benefits of Celibacy • Religious, moral beliefs • Waiting for the appropriate person • Learning about other aspects of self • Health considerations • During substance abuse recovery

  4. Erotic Dreams • Expression and exploration of desires taking place within the mind • Most males, two thirds females • Nocturnal orgasm

  5. Erotic Fantasy • Can occur during daydreams, masturbation, or during sexual encounters • 95% of women and men fantasize • Fantasy content among heterosexual and non-heterosexual individuals are similar, except for sex of imagined partner

  6. Sexual Fantasy • Function of sexual fantasies • Source of pleasure and arousal • Overcome sexual anxiety • Acceptable expression of socially unacceptable behavior • Gender similarities and differences • Fantasies: Help or Hindrance? • Most research points to helpful

  7. Perspectives on Masturbation • Traditional Condemnation • Viewed as non-procreational • Erroneous health concerns • Freud considered it immature • Contemporary research has established that it is not harmful

  8. Purposes for Masturbation • Relieves sexual tension • Means of self-exploration • Assists in physical relaxation

  9. Self-Pleasuring Technique • Follow your moral values • Set aside adequate time and relax • Experiment with different types of touch

  10. Maltz Levels of Sexual Expression • Maltz levels of sexual expression • Sexual energy as a force • Positive • +1 = positive role fulfillment • +2 = making love • +3 = authentic sexual intimacy • Negative • -1 = impersonal interaction • -2 = abusive interaction • -3 = violent interaction

  11. Maltz Hierarchy of Sexual Interaction

  12. Kissing and Touching • Kissing • Cross-cultural practices and attitudes toward kissing • Touching • Cornerstone of human sexuality • Whole body is responsive • Personal preferences • Specific erogenous zones • Tribadism

  13. Manual Stimulation of Genitals • Individual differences with regard to manual stimulation • Most women need consistent touching through orgasm • Men may not like to be touched just after orgasm

  14. Oral-Genital Stimulation • Types: cunnilungus and fellatio • Acceptance varies • More unmarried people engaging in oral sex now than reported in Kinsey’s survey

  15. Sources of Unpleasant or Bitter-Tasting Ejaculate

  16. Anal Stimulation • Prevalence is lower than other forms of sexual activity • Health risk (HIV, other infections) • Lubricants and gentle insertion needed • Anilingus/ Rimming

  17. Coitus and Coital Positions • Position variations • Man or woman above • Face-to-face • Side-lying • Rear entry

  18. What Is Your Favorite Intercourse Position?

  19. Tantric Intercourse • Eastern path to spiritual enlightenment • Sexual expression considered a form of spiritual meditation • Involves control and delay of male orgasm with focus on harmony with partner

  20. Chapter 9Sexual Orientations

  21. A Continuum of Sexual Orientations • Primary erotic, psychological, emotional, and social orientation • Homosexual • Orientation toward same sex • Gay men and lesbians • Bisexual • Orientation toward both same and other sex • Heterosexual • Orientation toward other sex • Asexual • No sexual attraction toward either sex

  22. Kinsey’s Continuum of Sexual Orientation

  23. Kinsey’s 7-point Continuum • 0 = exclusive contact with and erotic attraction to the other sex • 7 = exclusive contact with and erotic attraction to the same sex • Men are more likely to be found on far ends of scale • Women who identify as heterosexual are 27 times more likely than heterosexual men to express moderate or more same sex attraction

  24. Kinsey’s Scale

  25. Bisexuality • More women identify as bisexual than men • Rates of bisexuality have tripled in past decade • Types of bisexuality • Real orientation • Transitory orientation • Homosexual denial

  26. Sexual Fluidity • Variability in attraction at various times and situations • For women • Sexual fluidity is more common • For men • Sexual fluidity is much less common

  27. What Determines Sexual Orientation?Psychosocial Theories • Focus on role of life experiences, parenting patterns, or psychological attributes of individual • Attempt to explain the “cause” of homosexuality • Theories • “By Default” Theory • The Seduction Myth • Freud’s Theory • Parenting patterns or early childhood experiences; no research to support

  28. What Determines Sexual Orientation?Biological Theories • Focus on biological causes for sexual orientation • Genetic factors • Homosexuality as familial • Identical twin studies • Homosexuality and gender nonconformity • Implications if biology is destiny • May lead to greater acceptance • Genetic engineering, tolerance for “defective” orientation, and intolerance for choices

  29. Societal Attitudes • Cross-cultural attitudes vary greatly • Judeo-Christian attitudes have varied

  30. Societal Attitudes • Shift from sinner to sickness: early 1900s • 1974 APA removed homosexuality from list of mental disorders • No differences in psychological adjustment across sexual orientation • Sexual reorientation therapy does not work but gay affirmative therapy is helpful

  31. Homophobia • Anti-homosexual attitudes • Irrational fear or self-loathing • May legitimize hate crimes directed toward sexual minorities • Hate Crimes Laws

  32. Causes of Homophobia and Hate Crimes • Lack of acceptance and valuing • Traditional gender role stereotypes • Extreme manifestation of cultural norms • Denial of homosexual feelings

  33. States With No Hate Crime Laws

  34. Sexual Minorities and the Media • Effects of increasing exposure • Portrayal of gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals as “regular folks” • Individuals cannot determine sexual orientation of individual shown on a video

  35. Lifestyles • “Gay Lifestyle” may focus on sexual aspects between same-sex partners • “Lifestyles” of LGB individuals are as varied as those of heterosexuals – representing all social classes, occupations, races, religions, and political persuasions

  36. Coming Out and Disclosure • Coming Out • Several steps involved • Self-acknowledgement • Self-acceptance • Disclosure • Passing: risks and benefits • Telling family can be difficult • Involvement in the LGBT community • Double minority • Individuals who are both sexual and racial minorities

  37. Same-Sex Relationships • Similarities with heterosexual couples • More egalitarian than other-sex relationships • Sex Differences • Lesbians more likely than gay men to be monogamous and value emotional intimacy

  38. Family Life • Variations • Same-sex couple • Same-sex couple with children • Single individual with children • Same-Sex Parenting • Adoption laws • Children of LGB parents do not differ from those of heterosexual parents

  39. Gay Rights Movement • Began in 1969 with Stonewall Rebellion • Goals • Decriminalization of private sexual behavior • Legal protection from discrimination • Legal protection for same-sex families • Health care • Marriage • Adoption

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