Unit 6

1. Unit 6 The Child from Seven to Twelve

2. Chapter 16 Physical Development from Seven to Twelve

3. Chapter 16 Objectives • Describe the two significant stages that occur between ages seven and twelve • Explain why children’s motor skills improve between the ages of seven and twelve • List the nine topics in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans • Identify five areas that continue to overall physical health and wellness

4. Chapter 16.1 Growth and Development from Seven to Twelve

5. Height and Weight • Slower rate of growth than experienced as preschoolers, toddlers, and infants • A growth spurt occurs when a child grows very rapidly in a short period of time • The average rate of growth increases during the preteen years • Puberty is the set of changes that result in a physically mature body that is able to reproduce • Girls tend to go through puberty a bit earlier than boys

6. Height and Weight • Boys have a larger average gain in height between the ages of 12 and 14 when they go through puberty • Growth takes place in different parts of the body at different times • The hands and feet are the first to grow • The arms and legs are next • The torso is last • If some areas grow faster than others, a child can look disproportionate which may cause embarrassment

7. Height and Weight • Boys and girls gain an average of 6-1/2 pounds each year during middle childhood • Increases to about 10-1/2 pounds during preteen years in boys and 9-1/2 pounds for girls • Puberty occurs in boys about 2 years later than girls • Heredity is the most influential factor in determining a child’s final height • Nutrition is also an important factor during these years

8. Proportion and Posture • As 7 to 12 year olds grow their proportion changes • Legs lengthen • Adds height and brings the head more in proportion to the body • Stronger muscles and greater muscle tone in legs, arms, and torso • Balance and coordination improves

9. Scoliosis Causes • Idiopathic (unknown cause)- 80% of cases • Neuromuscular conditions- 20% of cases (Muscular Dystrophy or Cerebral Palsy) • Congenital- present at birth • Leg length- one leg higher • Other- bad posture, backpacks, exercise • Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine, affecting posture • Can be treated with exercise, a brace, or surgery

10. Body Image • Body image refers to how a person thinks his or her body looks • Children typically are self-conscious about the changing shape of their bodies • Preteens may experience an unhealthy preoccupation with food and thinness • An eating disorder is a serious pattern of overeating or restrictive eating • Devastating effects on the body • Can lead to death

11. Eating Disorders • An intense fear of weight gain • Distinguished by starvation techniques and severe weight loss • Symptoms can include: • Fatigue • Dizziness • Refusal to eat • Excessive exercise • Involves periods of out-of-control eating followed by purging the body of food often through vomiting • Symptoms can include: • Fatigue • Scars on hands • Laxative use • Going to the bathroom during or after meals Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia

12. Eating Disorders • Periods of highly excessive eating, followed by weight gain • Symptoms can include: • Eating to the point of pain • Frequent dieting without weight loss • Hiding food Binge Eating

13. Puberty • Occurs between the ages of nine and sixteen • Researchers believe that the start of puberty is related to heredity as well as nutritional and environmental factors • Puberty starts at about age 10 for girls • 11 or 12 for boys • The pituitary gland found in the brain, begins sending out hormones that cause the number of changes in the body

14. Body Changes- Boys • Facial hair begins to appear • The voice deepens • Sometimes this process does not happen smoothly. The voice may crack or change tones quickly • This is due to the growth of the larynx and vocal cords • Shoulders broaden • Muscles grow larger

15. Body Changes- Girls • Girls experience more profound changes during puberty • Breasts begin to develop and enlarge • Waist narrows • Hips widen • Sexual organs develop and become capable of releasing mature eggs • Menstruation is the monthly cycle in which an egg is released and the uterus prepares for a possible pregnancy • May be irregular at first and not occur every month

16. Permanent Teeth • Around age 12, a second set of molars emerges behind your 4 year old molars • A 3rd set of molars, wisdom teeth, appear between the ages of 17 and 21

17. Motor Skills • As the body matures, most children experience the following: • Greater muscle strength • Faster reaction time for responding to a stimulus • Improved precision in activities such as balancing and aiming • Greater speed • Increased flexibility for bending and stretching • Hand-eye coordination improves • Team sports are popular during this age group

18. Assignment • Create a list of similarities and differences in the ways boys and girls mature between the ages of seven and twelve

19. Chapter 16.2 Caring for Children from Seven to Twelve

20. Dietary Guidelines • Get enough nutrients within your calorie needs • Maintain a healthy weight • Be physically active every day • Choose whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and milk • Fiber is an indigestible plant material that helps the digestive system work properly • Contain essential vitamins and minerals for developing bodies, body systems, and bones • Limit fats and cholesterol • Be choosy about carbohydrate foods • Reduce sodium and increase potassium • Avoid alcoholic beverages • Keep food safe

21. MyPyramid • Guide for healthy eating and active living • Developed by the USDA • By entering your age, weight, activity level, the MyPyramid program will develop a plan just for you!

22. Making Healthy Choices • As children become more independent they begin to make choices about the food they eat • Peers and the media influence these choices • Despite outside influences, family is still the primary influence on a child • Model good eating behavior • Eat meals together • Offer healthy choices • Be prepared (keep the kitchen stocked) • Make treats special by limiting them • Control portions • Serve dairy daily

23. Starting the Day Right- Breakfast • Healthy Breakfast: • 2 servings of grains • 1 serving of dairy • 1 serving of fruit • Provides the vital fuel that people need to begin the day • Researchers have found that children that eat breakfast have a greater ability for learning and participation • Skipping breakfast can cause fatigue, headaches, restless behavior

24. Physical Health and Wellness- Physical Fitness • Children today are less likely to walk or ride a bike to school than their parents • Sedentary activity is an activity that involves little exercise • Watching TV • Playing video games • Parents and caregivers make the best role models for healthy living by limiting their own TV viewing • Promote physical activity and fitness • Look for developmentally appropriate activities • Children need 1 hour of physical activity a day

25. Physical Health and Wellness • Getting to bed on time can be a challenge • Experts recommend enforcing a bedtime for school-age children • The National Sleep Foundation recommends children at this age get 10 to 11 hours of sleep at night • Dental check-ups and cleanings once a year • Brush teeth twice daily and floss after every meal • Orthodontist is a dental specialist who concentrates on fixing irregularities of the teeth Sleep Teeth

26. Personal Hygiene • 7 to 10 year olds are often not concerned about good hygiene • To prevent battles over bathing, there are several things parents can do: • Focus on the essentials • Washing hands before eating and after using the bathroom • Give choices when possible • Choice in shampoo, showering or baths, etc. • Send positive messages • Comment on how refreshing a shower is or relaxing a bath is • Interest in personal hygiene changes around age 10 because of puberty and the body producing extra oils and body odor

27. Assignment List 2 ways you can share what you have learned about healthy eating with your families at home