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Carcinogenesis Stages & Mechanisms

Carcinogenesis Stages & Mechanisms. Eva Szabo & Gail L. Shaw. http://www.moffitt.usf.edu/pubs/ccj/v4n2/article1.html. http://www2.scitech.sussex.ac.uk/undergrad/coursenotes/ehh/lec4/4.html. http://www.belleonline.com/n2v91.html.

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Carcinogenesis Stages & Mechanisms

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  1. Carcinogenesis Stages & Mechanisms

  2. Eva Szabo & Gail L. Shaw http://www.moffitt.usf.edu/pubs/ccj/v4n2/article1.html

  3. http://www2.scitech.sussex.ac.uk/undergrad/coursenotes/ehh/lec4/4.htmlhttp://www2.scitech.sussex.ac.uk/undergrad/coursenotes/ehh/lec4/4.html

  4. http://www.belleonline.com/n2v91.html Epigenetic Mechanisms of Chemical CarcinogenesisJames E. Klaunig, Lisa M. Kamendulis, and Yong Xu Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine

  5. http://www1.elsevier.com/homepage/sab/oncoserve/cl_si/cl1/stampfer.htmhttp://www1.elsevier.com/homepage/sab/oncoserve/cl_si/cl1/stampfer.htm

  6. Clinical relevance: There is mounting evidence that cellular senescence acts as a "cancer brake" because it takes many divisions to accumulate all the changes needed to become a cancer cell. In addition to the accumulation of several mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, almost all cancer cells are immortal and, thus, have overcome the normal cellular signals that prevent continued division. Young normal cells can divide many times, but these cells are not cancer cells since they have not accumulated all the other changes needed to make a cell malignant. In most instances a cell becomes senescent before it can become a cancer cell. Therefore, aging and cancer are two ends of the same spectrum. The key issue is to find out how to make our cancer cells mortal and our healthy cells immortal, or at least longer-lasting. Inhibition of telomerase in cancer cells may be a viable target for anti-cancer therapeutics while expression of telomerase in normal cells may have important biopharmaceutical and medical applications. In summary, telomerase is both an important target for cancer and for the treatment of age-related disease. http://claim.springer.de/EncRef/CancerResearch/samples/0001.htm

  7. Tumors < 1cm 11.8% Late StageCancer Recurrence of Breast Cancer Women at Increased Risk 1.7 % to 14% Pre- Malignant Conditions LCIS 6.5% ADH 5.1% Non- Invasive Cancer DCIS 7.2% Early Stage node neg 25.1% Early Stage node pos 47.1% Breast Cancer Continuum: intervention possibilities Prevention of Progression Prevention of Recurrence Prevention of Contralateral Breast Cancer 3.2% Prevention of ClinicallyDetectable Breast Cancer

  8. Breast Cancer staging With thanks to Professor W.Jonat

  9. Breast Cancer staging 2 With thanks to Professor W.Jonat

  10. Breast Cancer staging 3 With thanks to Professor W.Jonat

  11. Malignant cell Stages of tumour development Neovascular endothelial maintenance Angiogenesis Proliferation Vasculartargeting agents CytotoxicsEndocrine EGFR inhibitorsHER2 antibodies Anti-angiogenics Novelagents Novelagents Invasion Invasion Metastatic Cancer Dissemination of other organs of other organs

  12. Staging Classification of Breast Tumour

  13. OVEREXPRESSION OF p68 RNA HELICASE IN COLORECTAL TUMORS Janknecht Laboratory , Mayo Clinic http://mayoresearch.mayo.edu/mayo/research/janknecht_lab/overexpression.cfm

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