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RIIDing the World of Nuclear Threats: Next-Gen Radioisotope Identifier Detectors

Learn about Kromek's advanced nuclear security detection solutions at the NuSec Nuclear Security Detection Workshop on April 16th, 2019. Discover the D3S wearable RIID, Apollo ASIC, and CLLBC scintillator.

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RIIDing the World of Nuclear Threats: Next-Gen Radioisotope Identifier Detectors

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  1. RIID’ing the World of Nuclear Threats The Next Generation of Radioisotope Identifier Detectors Dr Adam TuffKromek Ltd. NuSec Nuclear Security Detection Workshop 16th April 2019

  2. Outline • Introduction to Kromek • D3S Kromek’s wearable RIID and the SIGMA programme • CLLBC – an advanced scintillator • Kromek’s Apollo ASIC • Prototype Detector performance- Energy resolution- Temperature stability- Pulse Shape Discrimination (PSD) performance

  3. Introduction Kromek provides radiation detection solution globally in three markets Some of our awards • UK headquartered technology company with operations in the US and the UK • Publicly traded on London Stock Exchange • Blue chip customer base in more than 30 countries • 2 manufacturing sites: (UK + US), ~130 employees (15+ PhDs) , 275+ patents • ISO 9001 certified R&D, design, and production processes

  4. Where we Operate Kromek’s operational facilities are in Durham, UK, California and Pennsylvania. Sales and distribution relationships span the globe. Kromek UK 1. Group Headquarters Durham, UK 1. Neutron R&D Centre West Yorkshire, UK Kromek USA Asia-Pacific Europe and Africa North America 2. NOVA R&D Inc. California Corporate facilities & sales 3. Kromek Pennsylvania Sales and distribution partners

  5. Defending urban areas against unaccounted and illicit radiological and nuclear material. • Our products: • Detect threats • Identify isotopes • Detect & identify shielded isotopes • Handheld, installed, baggage detection and networked solutions

  6. Wearable RIID D3S NET: Discrete, wearable, networked RIID • A next generation Radioisotope Identification Device (RIID) • Discreet detector and discreet mobile phone interface • Convenient – always on, compact, lightweight, belt-wearable or in-pocket • High performance – size of an PRD, sensitivity and performance of a conventional hand-held RIID • Actively search for and identify threats with dual mode – search and confirmation • Rapid, visible, audible and tactile alert/alarm • DARPA tested and approved (DARPA-SIGMA Program)

  7. The SIGMA Program Real time networked radioactive threat detection • Developed as a US DHS/DARPA program, is a comprehensive network providing cost-effective, continuous radiation-monitoring • The network allows unprecedented situational awareness of the radiological and nuclear environment • Successful pilot with National Capital Region Fire and Emergency Services, achieving 2,000 miles of radiation coverage daily • SIGMA and D3S system used for high profile special event monitoring, and also over 1,000 detectors deployed on the Washington Mall SIGMA 1,000 detectors mapping

  8. CLLBC: An Advanced Scintillator Dual Mode Material • Cesium Lanthanum Lithium BromoChloride(Cs2LiLaBr6-xClx:Ce) • Medium / high resolution material ~ 3.5% @ 662 keV~ 45,000 photons / MeV • Lithium-loaded: thermal neutron sensitivity • Neutron peak > 3 MeV • Excellent pulse shape discrimination characteristics for separating gamma / neutron

  9. Kromek’s Apollo ASIC Networked detection solution integrated within the infrastructure • 16 individually configurable channels - interrogate impulses through combination of signal processing stages: amplification, semi-gaussian filter, base-line restore, gated integrator, peak capture, discriminator, analogue to digital converter (ADC) • Individual channels of ASIC can be configured to operate independently, or grouped together on a common trigger

  10. Detector Canning

  11. Energy Resolution

  12. Temperature Stability Performance advantages • Temperature calibration for the detectors carried out using a temperature cycle between 50°C to -20°C then returning to 50°C at a rate of 1°C / minute • 662 keV photo peak centroid position monitored throughout a repeat cycle • Photo peak movement indicates gain shift is less than 1% across temperature range

  13. Event Peak Pulse Shape Discrimination Method Event Signal Integrated Window Amplitude • Peak / tail method of gamma neutron discrimination uses measurements of the peak amplitude and an integral window of the tail section of the amplified event signal • Integral window is set where there is the maximum difference in scintillator output between a gamma and neutron event • Apollo ASIC allows for channels to capture peak amplitude / integration - trigger thresholds separately optimised Time

  14. Pulse Shape Discrimination Method neutrons gammas

  15. Pulse Shape Discrimination Performance as a function of temperature PSD y2 50°C . PSD y1 50°C • Best FOM of 4.25 achieved at room temperature PSD y2 -10°C Bound x1 Bound x2 PSD y1 -10°C • PSD bounds initially optimised for room temperature measurements • PSD optimised at range of temperatures – used to define bounds for microcontroller algorithm

  16. Kromek USA Thank You For Your Attention Neutron R&D Centre West Yorkshire, UK This work was funded under DTRA contract HDTRA1-18-C-0072 Kromek Group Headquarters NETPark Thomas Wright Way, Sedgefield County Durham, TS21 3FD United Kingdom T: +44 (0) 1740 626060 F: +44 (0) 1740 626061 sales@kromek.com www.kromek.com NOVA R&D Inc. California Kromek Pennsylvania

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