Internal system unit components

1. Internal system unit components By Andrew Thorns Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

2. Processers/cpu Motherboard The motherboard is the most important part within the computer system. It is a PCB (printed circuit board) that houses many of the essential parts of the computer and all connections between the computer and any peripherals go through it. The processers is a chip which is kept on the motherboard is the heart of the computer system and it controls everything. This contains the circuitry which processes the instructions which the computer gives the processer. Its device, usually electronic, that processes data according to a set of instructions. Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

3. 4 Parts of a Processor/CPU ALU (Arithmetic logic Unit): Does the actual logical comparisons that need to be processed. Control Unit- can execute or store the results coming out of the ALU Registers stores the data that is to be executed next Back up storage: this is used to ensure that if data is lost on one form of storage then we know that it is safe housed o another device such as a memory stick or a external hard drive. Immediate Access Store - immediate access store (IAS) A memory device in which the access time for any location is independent of the previous access and is usually of the same order as the cycle time of the processor. Such devices are normally only used for main memory. This is an external hard drive Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

4. BIOS (Basic Input/output System) Power supply The BIOS makes sure all of the other chips, hard drives, ports and CPU in the computer function together probably so the computer doesn’t crash. A power supply is the device which provides the computer with electricity so it can turn on. Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

5. Fan and Heat sink or cooling; Fan This is to cool down the components inside the computer. Every computer needs a fan because if the computer doesn’t have a fan then it will over heat and crash. One of the components which gets hot is the CPU. Heat sink This is a type of fan but this fan goes and finds the heat and sucks it in to get rid of the heat this is situated on top of the CPU this is because the CPU produces a lot of heat. Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

6. Hard drive configuration The hard drive connect to the motherboard and are usually placed with the CDs an DVDs. You also have external hard drives and these connect to the plugs and then you can access them through the documents and see what you have on them. Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

7. Hard drive configuration and controllers eg SATA, IDE, EIDE, master, slave; IDE IDE can stand for two different things. One is ‘Integrated Device Electronics’ or ‘Integrated Development Environment’. The first one is a hardware term while the second is software – related. The first one is a controller and integrates the electronics into the drive itself. While the second one is to do with debugging and linking to the files together on the computer SATA SATA stands for Serial Advanced Technology Attachment. This is an interface which is used to connect ATA hard drives to a computers motherboard. This makes the computer go faster Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

8. EIDE and Master EIDE EIDE stands for ‘Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics’ the EIDE is a improved version of the IDE drive interface which provides faster data transfer rates than the original standard IDE. Master The master controls everything in the computer. The master controls the slaves. It is like a classroom were you have the teacher as the master and the slaves are the children. The master controls the what the computer does and like running programs. Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

9. MASTER AND Slave Master/slave is a model of communication where one device or process has unidirectional control over one or more other devices. In some systems a master is elected from a group of eligible devices, with the other devices acting in the role of slaves. In other words the Master slave configuration is basically used for load sharing purposes when 2 identical motors connected to two different drives are coupled to a common load. One drive is defined as the Master and is configured for running in the Speed Control mode whereas the other defined as Slave is configured for running in Torque control mode. The master is the hard drive and the slave is CD etc. Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

10. Ports eg USB, Parallel, Serial USB USB be is a type of port it stands for “Universal Serial Bus.” it is the most common type of computer port used in today’s computers. It can be used to connects keyboards, computer mice, game controllers, printers, scanners etc. It can also have a USB Stick which carries back up of the files you have on the computer this is also plugged into one of the USB ports on the computer. Parallel this is an interface which is found on the back of old computers and is used for connecting external devices such as printers or a scanner. it is larger port than the new interfaces. The parallel port is sometimes called a Centronics interface. Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

11. Port – Serial Serial port is a type of connection on pc’s that is used for peripherals such as mice, gaming controllers, modems, and older printers. It is sometimes called a com port. Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

12. Jack plugs The Jack Plug (also called an audio jack, phone plug, stereo plug, mini-jack), is a common audio connector. It is cylindrical in shape with two, three, or four contact points separated by insulating material. Officially the Jack is the socket, but in common parlance the word has come to be used for both types – so make sure that you choose the right one! In the UK, the terms jack plug and jack socket are commonly used for the respectively male and female connectors in order to avoid confusion. The Jack plug was invented for use in telephone switchboards in the 19th century and is still widely used, both in its original 6.3 mm (1/4") size and in miniaturized versions 3.5 mm (1/8") and 2.5 mm (3/32"). Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

13. internal memory e.g. RAM, ROM, cache; RAM Stands for ‘Random – access memory’ which is volatile. Volatile memory loses its data when the power is turned off when you auto save a document the changes you to that document will be lost. This is the most common of memory used in printer, scanner. ROM- short for ‘read only memory’ this a non-volatile memory this means it wont lose its memory when the power is turned off. This can not be deleted or edited it. Most personal computers contain a small amount of ROM that stores critical programs such as the program that boots the computer. In addition, ROMs are used extensively in calculators and peripheral devices such as laser printers, whose fonts are often stored in ROMs. Cache – cache is where information is kept in the computer so that it can be accessed very quickly and easily when you want to access. It is the easiest way for the user of the computer to access the information. Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

14. specialized cards eg network, graphic cards Specialized cards are cards which specialize in certain parts like network card is a specialized card because it specializes in the network this connects you to the internet. Graphic cards are the same as the network cards but the graphic cards specializes in graphic. You would use this if you play lots of games this will make sure they load faster and play better. Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

15. Peripherals Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

16. Output devices Output devices are items like monitors, printer, plotter and other components. Input devices are components such as mice, keyboards, camera, scanner Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

17. Output Monitor- this is an output device because the monitor displays icons for you on a screen click on and it shows what you are doing like when you go on the internet it shows what you are doing. Printer – this is also a output device because it when you print something it gets printed out so you can do what you need with it. There are different types of printers: Inkjet PrintersThese are the most affordable printers you can find in the market as they are massively produced due to their home use or small office suitability. Although they are very cheap to buy you will be spending your money depending on printing volume on ink cartridges. Laser Printers: These are the kind of printers you will come across at offices and in places with a constant printing process going on. In comparison to Inkjet printers they come at a higher price as they consider being more reliable for mass printing but less toner cartridges will be needed. Dot matrix printing: The Dot matrix printer or it can be called impact matrix computer is a type of computer printing which uses a print head that runs back and forth, or in an up and down motion, on the page and prints by impact, striking an ink-soaked cloth ribbon against the paper, much like the print mechanism on a typewriter. Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

18. Cabling Optical and twisted pair are all types of cabling Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

19. Cabling – optical cable, coaxial cable Optical cables are used because they are thinner cheaper by the metre. The wire costs the company less so therefore it comes to us as a cheaper prices and this what they use for connecting the internet and the TV. Coaxial cable: is one of the first cables to connect the internet. Coaxial cable is the kind of copper cable used by cable TV companies between the community antenna and user homes and businesses Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

20. Input devices Input devices are items such as scanner, camera etc Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

21. Input device Camera – a camera is a input device because you are putting things from the camera into the computer like photos and sometimes videos. The photos you get from the computer can be printed off. Scanner – scanner is also a input device because you scan things from books and other items like that and then the pictures you get from the scanner are then saved to the computer so you can use them later. Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

22. Input devices Keyboard- keyboard is a input device because when you press a key it will type that letter on the screen in front of you. Mice – mice is an input device because when you click on something then it will take you too that home page. Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

23. Backing storage Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

24. Backing storage • Storage is when you save files on to the computer. This will stay here unless you delete it. Below are different types of storage devices. You have a internal storage which is the hard drive and then you can also put external hard drives like the ones below: • disks, pen drives, optical media, flash memory cards • portable drives • fixed drives • These are all types of backing storage Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

25. disks, pen drives, optical media, flash memory cards Pen drives are a useful source of backing up storage because if you lode any work on the computer and you already have it saved on a pen drive (USB stick) then you have a back up for any work you lose on the computer. Most students carry one of these because it doesn’t take up much space and they can still hold a lot of memory like a 32GB. Flash memory is a type of electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM). Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

26. Backing Storage, Performance rates Data transfer rate – Data transfer rates depends on the type on backing up storage you are using. Data transfer rate is the rate of which the memory from the device is saved and uploaded to where you want it on the computer. For example a pen drive data transfer rate is 5MB/s. the more update backing storage you have the quicker the data transfer rate will be. Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

27. Index • Processors; • Motherboard; • BIOS; • Power supply; • Fan and heat sink or cooling; • Hard drive configuration and controllers eg • SATA, • IDE, • EIDE, • master, • Ports eg USB ports, • parallel ports, • serial ports; • Internal memory eg RAM, ROM, cache; • Specialized cards eg network, graphic cards • Output devices eg monitor, printer, plotter;   • Input devices eg camera, scanner; • Cabling - optical • Types eg disks, pen drives, optical media, flash memory cards; Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1

28. ANY QUESTIONS? Andrew Thorns - Task 1 - P1