Prepared by: Rakesh Reddy Nagilla Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering

1. ECE5320 MechatronicsAssignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators TopicPlasma actuators and their applications Prepared by: Rakesh Reddy Nagilla Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University Email:rakeshrn@cc.usu.edu F: (435)797-3054 (ECE Dept.)

2. Actuator Outline • Introduction • Background • Basic working principle illustrated • Major specifications • Advantages • Application • Where to Buy • Conclusion • References ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

3. Introduction Plasma A plasma is a gas in which an important fraction of the atoms is ionized, so that the electrons and ions are separately free. Ionization and Recombination ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

4. Plasma Ionization and radiative recombination rate coefficients for atomic hydrogen ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

5. Why plasma ? • Electrode Geometry • Dielectric Permittivity • Voltage Specifications • Position of Plasma actuators • Robustness ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

6. Plasma Actuator Computational Model • Controlling subsonic aerodynamic flow by means of plasma actuators is an active area of research in both the Air Force (AF) and the general scientific community • The momentum transfer caused by the plasma actuator operates on a timescale much shorter than the duration of subsonic particle flow over an airfoil. • This inherent time difference allows scientists to integrate the plasma-induced momentum change over time and apply it as an averaged quantity. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

7. Operation • A typical plasma actuator consists of two offset electrodes separated by a dielectric material. • Plasma forms as the voltage difference between the electrodes ionizes the surrounding gas. • The electric field can then direct the charged particles in the plasma to transfer their momentum to the surrounding, neutral (i.e., nonionized) air. • Most of this momentum transfer occurs as a result of particle collisions. • The use of plasma actuators for flow control on AF weapon systems may offer several advantages over traditional flow control devices. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

8. Plasma Actuator Computational model ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

9. Air flow control by non-thermal plasma actuators visualization of a manipulated airflow along a flat plate. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

10. Operation It has been shown that both corona-based and dielectric barrier based discharges could be established at the wall of a dielectric, at atmospheric pressure in air typically, the mechanical effect of such actuators is due to the induced-electric wind. Its time averaged velocity is typically a few ms−1, and it can reach 8ms−1 at about 0.5mmdistance from the wall. The body force created by the ion motion is globally about 0.15mN per watt of input electrical power, and the electro-mechanical efficiency is a few tenths of a percent in the absence of free air stream. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

11. Advantages over other sensors • The main advantages of plasma actuator air flow systems are • Robustness, • Simplicity, • Low power consumption and • Ability for real-time control at high frequency. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

12. Advantages • Easy to construct and also to operate. • Compatible with other devices. • Scope for more applications. • Can be controlled through the properties of polymers. • The sensor is inexpensive compared to other sensors and easy in construction ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

13. Sensor Specifications Depending on the different applications that are performed using the plasma actuator, the specifications are changed. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

14. Applications • MEMS Plasma Actuators for Separation Flow Control. • MEMS Plasma Actuators for Wave Propulsion. • Plasma Actuators for High Reynolds Number. • For High speed Jet Control. • EHD Plasma Actuators for Subsonic Plasma Aerodynamics, Including Flow Acceleration, Attachment, and Boundary Layer Control Applied to Airfoils, Jet Engines, and Wind Turbines ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

15. Other Plasma Actuators Flow Control Using Plasma Actuators and Linear/Annular Plasma Synthetic Jet Actuators Cross section of a linear actuator , jet induced by plasma ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

16. Other ammonia sensors Stream lines of plasma induced flow Velocity profiles ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

17. Where to buy • There are some companies which manufacture Plasma Actuators. • Some of the websites where the Actuator specifications and price are specified • www.newequipment.com/NewsletterArchive/2005_02_16.html ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

18. Conclusion • The Plasma Actuators have lots of uses especially in the air ways like jet navigation. Using the rare properties exhibited by the plasma, these are obtained. Thank You ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

19. References • http://www.wpafb.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123033847 • http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/0022-3727/40/3/s01 • http://ej.iop.org/links/rBATjhVG,/BrPRFeXT2xGkju66av5vpA/d7_3_s01.pdf • http://silas.psfc.mit.edu/introplasma/chap1.html#tth_sEc1.1.1 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

20. References • http://www.nd.edu/~tcorke/AIAA-2007-0935.pdf • http://hal.ceat.okstate.edu/HAL/papers/AIAA-2006-3033.pdf • http://ieeexplore.ieee.org • http://plasma.ece.utk.edu/research/ ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators