1 / 10

Syntax

Syntax. Syntax. Syntax= syn (together) + tax ( arrangment ), or the arrangement of words in a sentence. Syntax= noun, Syntactical= adjective. Note that a writer can choose numerous ways to express the same thought via diction, detail, and arrangement:. I went to the store in the morning.

livana
Download Presentation

Syntax

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Syntax

  2. Syntax Syntax= syn (together) + tax (arrangment), or the arrangement of words in a sentence Syntax= noun, Syntactical= adjective Note that a writer can choose numerous ways to express the same thought via diction, detail, and arrangement: I went to the store in the morning. In the morning, I went to the store. I drove to the store this morning. After sunrise, I went to the store. To the store I went in the morning. In the morning to the store I went. In the morning to the store went I. This morning I awoke and dressed and hustled to the store. Source: http://www.myteacherpages.com/webpages/ewevodau/literary_tools.cfm?subpage=516805

  3. Arrangement  A writer’s choice of word arrangement may contribute to the meaning. Consider three of the above examples: I went to the store in the morning. To the store I went in the morning. In the morning to the store went I. Observe the three positions of the subject “I.” The emphasis in each sentence shifts. The first emphasizes “I,” the second “store,” and the third “morning.” In other words, the focus shifts from person to place to time. A writer can choose what element to emphasize by its placement in the sentence. The information is the same, but the emphasis differs—thereby potentially affecting the meaning in the context of the larger passage.

  4. Analyzing Syntax on the AP Exam On the AP test, you cannot analyze every sentence. Instead, look for patterns that appear throughout the selection. Ask yourself: Might this pattern in some way contribute to the point the author makes? Also, look for “standout sentences”—that is, a sentence whose pattern or arrangement stands in marked contrast to the surrounding ones. Syntactical analysis is difficult and takes much practice. Remember, you are looking for choices made by the author that contribute to the meaning/understanding of the text.

  5. Syntactical Terms • Omission Techniques: • 1. asyndeton: the deliberate omission of conjunctions in a series of related words, phrases, or clauses. • Ex: “See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil.” –Proverb • 2. ellipsis: the deliberate omission of a word or words that are readily implied by the text. • Ex: “To err is human; to forgive, divine.” –Alexander Pope • “Wise men talk because they have something to say; fools, • because they have to say something.” –Plato • “Prosperity is a great teacher; adversity, a greater.” • –William Hazlitt From LTF

  6. Syntactical Terms Repetition Techniques: anadiplosis: the repetition of a prominent (usually the final) word of a phrase, clause, line, or stanza at the beginning of the next. Ex: “Pleasure might cause her read, reading might make her know,/Knowledge might pity win, and pity grace obtain.” –Phillip Syndey “Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering.” –Yoda anaphora: the repetition of the same word or expression at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, sentences, or lines for rhetorical or poetic effect. Ex: “To think on death it is a misery,/ To think on life it is a vanity,/ Tothink on the world verily it is,/ To think that here man hath no perfect bliss.” –Henry Peacham From LTF

  7. Syntactical Terms Repetition Techniques: 3. epanalepsis: repetition, placed at the end of the sentence, line, clause, or phrase of the word or words at the beginning of the same sentence, line, clause, or phrase. Ex: “Weep no more, woeful shepherds, weep no more.” –John Milton 4. epistrophe: the repetition of the same word or groups of words at the ends of successive clauses or phrases. Ex: “When I was a child, I used to speak as a child, think as a child, reason as a child.” –1 Corinthians 13:11 5. polysyndeton: the repetition of conjunctions within a sentence for special emphasis. Ex: “Football still demands those attributes of courage and stamina and coordinated efficiency…” –Vince Lombardi From LTF

  8. Syntactical Terms • Balance and Contrast (or Reversal) • 1. antimetabole: a sentence strategy in which the arrangement of ideas in the second phrase or clause is a reversal of the first (using the same words) (a-b-b-a) • Ex: “Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country.” –John F. Kennedy 2. antithesis: a contrast of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction (a-b-a-b) Ex: “I did not come to abolish but to fulfill.” –Matthew 5:17 “To err is human; to forgive, divine.” –Alexander Pope From LTF

  9. Syntactical Terms Parallel Structure parallelism: a similarity in the way parts of a sentence or sentences are put together (grammatical or structural) Ex: “Be one of the few, the proud, the Marines.”– United States Marine Corps “The torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by way, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage.” –John F. Kennedy • From LTF

  10. Practice • Write a paragraph about yourself. Choose one of the following tones: ecstatic, sardonic, satiric, bantering, whimsical, somber, objective, or didactic. Your examples and diction should establish this tone. The paragraph may develop any appropriate topic/subject matter that you choose, but it must be about you and completely original. USE YOUR YELLOW PAGES IF YOU NEED HELP! • Choose an original title. • Your paragraph must contain the following sentence types, correctly punctuated: • Simple sentence • Compound sentence with a semicolon • Compound sentence with a comma and a coordinating conjunction • Complex sentence with the subordinate clause coming first • Complex sentence with the subordinate clause coming last LABEL YOUR SENTENCES! You may include any other sentences, as many as you need to write a coherent paragraph!

More Related