Week 39: June 11-14, 2018

1. Week 39: June 11-14, 2018 End of the Cold War & Contemporary America (Ch. 25-26, 56-60)

2. Why are we here this week? Students will review for Unit V (or final) Exam via student-generated PPT slides, teacher-generated “5 words” review, and Kahoot!

3. Homework: Complete study guide for exam on Thursday, June 14th (Unit V or FINAL) Monday, June 11, 2018 I. Unit V: 3-slide PowerPoint Projects What do you see? What do you need to know? II. 5 WORDS Review What is “it?” What does NOT “fit?”

5. Unit V: End of the Cold War & Contemporary America The Americans Ch. 25 & 26 History Alive! Ch. ~54-60 Return your # Americans textbook by Thursday, June 14th (Damaged or lost? $70 replacement cost…BUY USED on-line?

6. 5 WORDS • What do MOST words suggest is the ESSENTIAL TERM? • What is the BOGUS term or phrase? • What OTHER word(s) would fit (better)? • QUESTIONS?

7. Al Qaeda • Terrorist organization • “The Base” • Pro-globalization & cooperation • Violent extremists • 9/11/01

8. Ronald Reagan • Democrat • “The Great Communicator” • Believed in supply-side economics • Two-term president • Survived assassination attempt

9. recession • Unemployment rises • GDP falls (Gross Domestic Product) • Economic growth • Americans worry about economic woes • Presidents TRY to help end it

10. government regulations • Reduced by Reagan • Protect consumers & environment • Business owners “love” these • Effect profits & safety • Used in conjunction with tax cuts

11. Social welfare spending • Increased in the 1980s under Reagan • Old, sick, & poor people benefit the most • Important to Liberals/Progressives • Cut by Conservatives • Helps “the people” with government assistance

12. New Left • Hippies • Counterculture • Liberal • Democrats • Dominant in 1980s

13. backlash • response • whip • sound • unnoticed • voters

14. Iran-Contra Affair • Oliver North • Cash for Contras • 2nd episode involving Middle Eastern theocracy • Bill Clinton • Weapons sale = scandal

15. Supply-side Economics • Raise tax rates • Less regulations on business • Cut social welfare benefits • “trickle-down” theory • Increased gap between wealthy & middle/lower classes

16. Democratic Party • Progressive • Government intervention/regulation “welcomed” • Used to be “racist,” but today is favored by many minorities • Carter, Clinton, Obama • Anti-business and pro-communist

17. Mikhail Gorbachev • Soviet Union • glasnost • perestroika • conservative • Collapse or liberation?

18. Republican Party • Deregulation of business • Lower taxes • Promotes “traditional” values • Less spending on defense/military • Lincoln started it…Nixon, Reagan, H.W. Bush, W. Bush

19. New Right • Conservatives • “Moral Majority” • Republicans • Progressives • Dominant in 1980s

20. Persian Gulf War • Kuwait • Saddam Hussein • UN coalition • George W. Bush • Iraq (1990-91)

21. Election 2000 • George W. Bush v. Al Gore • Ended Democratic control of the White House • Gore got more popular votes than Bush • Supreme Court verdict awards FL electoral votes to Republican • Unanimously supported outcome

22. War on Terror (Iraq War) • Post-9/11 military effort • Started in Afghanistan • Spread to Saddam Hussein’s country • Easy-to win • On-going conflict with extremists

23. American Ideals: better or worse? • Civil liberties reduced or limited? • Equality under the law questioned? • U.S. is doomed to fail • Democracy may be in jeopardy (abuse of power? Rejection of democratic results or questionable involvement with dictatorships?) • Opportunities exist and Rights still matter

24. Homework: STUDY for last exam (Unit V or FINAL)2-5% of your grade Tuesday, June 12, 2018 I. Kahoot! Review II. Study Guide Recap

25. Homework: STUDY for last exam (Unit V or FINAL)2-5% of your gradeReturn The Americans textbook Wednesday, June 13, 2018 I. Kahoot! Review (Periods 3-5) II. Study Guide Recap?

36. Chapter 56: A Shift to the Right under ReaganWas the Reagan Revolution good for the nation? In the 1980s, Ronald Reagan’s political skills and conservative support won him two terms in office. During his presidency, the economy revived, but the federal budget deficit soared. Reagan approached serious social problems, such as the HIV/AIDS crisis, rising drug abuse, and illegal immigration, in ways that reflected his conservative ideals. • Reagan Revolution Reagan helped spark a conservative revolution in American politics. He worked to shrink government, promote free enterprise, and reduce social programs. • The New RightReagan’s strongest support came from the New Right, a movement of conservative activists and organizations. This movement included evangelical Christian organizations like the Moral Majority. • Social and Supply-side economics Reagan’s economic plan was based on supply-side economics. He cut taxes to stimulate business activity, arguing that this would boost the economy and produce jobs. Tax cuts andincreased defense spending, however, led to large budget deficits and a huge national debt. • environmental issues Reagan called for reducing regulations on business and the environment. He also cut spending on social services. Critics claimed that pollution and social problems increased as a result. Jesse Jackson formed the National Rainbow Coalition to support equal rights and challenge Reagan’s social policies. • A conservative Court The Supreme Court moved to the right under Reagan. This shift was evident in such cases as New Jersey v. T.L.O., which limited privacy rights for students.

37. Chapter 57: Ending the Cold WarWere the effects of President Reagan’s foreign policy actions mostly positive or mostly negative? Reagan’s foreign policy emphasized anticommunism and support for democracy and freedom. His efforts to undermine Soviet power, along with changes in the Soviet Union itself, helped end the Cold War. Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)Reagan increased military spending to counter the Soviet threat. One program, the Strategic Defense Initiative, was designed to create a “missile shield” to defend the United States from nuclear attack. Reagan Doctrine The president backed anticommunist movements around the world as part of the Reagan Doctrine. He gave aid to rebels like the Contras, who were fighting to overthrow the Sandinista government of Nicaragua. Middle Eastern policy Reagan sent U.S. peacekeeping forces to Lebanon. These troops helped secure the withdrawal of the Palestine Liberation Organization. But terrorist attacks later forced Reagan to pull the soldiers out. Iran-Contra Affair The Reagan administration faced a scandal over arms sales to Iran and the diversion of funds to the Contras. Several top officials were convicted of illegal actions in the Iran-Contra Affair. Nuclear freeze movement Rising tensions with the Soviet Union increased fears of nuclear war. The nuclear freeze movement called for an end to the spread of nuclear weapons. Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces TreatyReagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, reducing nuclear missiles in Europe. U.S. pressure, along with economic and political problems at home, eventually caused the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War.

38. Chapter 58: U.S. Domestic Politics at the Turn of the 21st CenturyTo what extent did George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush fulfill their domestic policy goals? Democratic president Bill Clinton and Republican Presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush struggled to meet their domestic policy goals. George H. W. Bush In 1988, Bush appealed to Reagan Republicans with his campaign pledges to expand the economy, not raise taxes, and create a “kinder, gentler” America. After a costly bailout of the savings and loans crisis, he broke the no-taxes pledge in an effort to balance the federal budget. Bill Clinton As a moderate New Democrat, Clinton breathed new life into the Democratic coalition. One of his main legacies is welfare reform. Clinton failed to enact universal health care, however. In his second term, Clinton was impeached but not removed from office. Contract with America In the 1994 midterm elections, Republicans won control of Congress with their 10-point Contract with America. Bush v. Gore In the 2000 election, Al Gore led George W. Bush in the popular vote by a very thin margin. The Supreme Court decided the outcome, denying Gore’s demand for a recount in Florida. George W. Bush As a candidate, Bush reached out to moderates with his compassionate conservatism. One of his main legacies is education reform. However, Bush failed to reform the Social Security system.

39. Chapter 59: U.S. Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War EraHow well did the U.S. foreign policy decisions meet the challenges of the post-Cold War era? The end of the Cold War brought hopes for a new era of peace and cooperation in the world. Nevertheless, the United States faced many challenges in the post–Cold War era. New relations and alliances The collapse of the Soviet Union led the United States to build new relations with Russia and the other former Soviet republics. Several of the republics joined NATO and the newly formed European Union. Confronting dictators The United States worked to oust an aggressive dictator in Panama. In the Persian Gulf War, it fought alongside other nations to force Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein out of Kuwait. Ethnic cleansing and genocide Ethnic conflicts in various countries prompted mixed responses from the United States. In the former Yugoslavia, the United States backed NATO military actions against ethnic cleansing. However, it failed to stop genocide in Rwanda. Humanitarian aid The United States offered humanitarian aid to ease suffering in Somalia and North Korea, but with mixed results. The HIV/AIDS crisis in Africa prompted concern but little action. NAFTA and the WTOU.S. presidents promoted free trade as part of a growing trend toward globalization. The North American Free Trade Agreement linked Mexico, Canada, and the United States. The World Trade Organization represented a more global effort. Fighting a war on terrorism The al Qaeda terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, prompted the United States to declare a war on terrorism. It invaded Afghanistan to oust the Taliban regime. Then it moved to Iraq to topple Saddam Hussein. However, efforts to build stable democracies in these countries proved difficult.

40. Chapter 60: 9/11 and Its Aftermath: Debating America’s Founding IdealsWhat debates have arisen since 9/11 about how to balance security while preserving American ideals? The attacks of 9/11 left Americans with a new sense of vulnerability. President Bush declared war on terrorism—at home and abroad. The conduct of that war once again raised the challenge of balancing our founding ideals with our desire for security. Equality After 9/11, Americans debated these questions: Should all airline passengers be treated equally? Or should those fitting the profile of the 9/11 terrorists face special scrutiny? The nation chose equality over racial profiling, but racial profiling persists. Opportunity In an effort to secure the nation’s borders, Congress struggled to preserve the United States as a land of opportunity while tightening visa requirements and border control to keep terrorists out. LibertyCongress created the Department of Homeland Security to defend the country and protect our free way of life by better coordinating various government security agencies. Critics worried that the DHS was not as effective as it should be. They raised questions about what factors influence decision making within the department. RightsCongress enacted the Patriot Act after 9/11 to help government agencies track down terrorists. The act sparked a long debate over what some saw as assaults on privacy rights. Democracy Bush’s policies toward unlawful enemy combatants raised questions about presidential power in a democracy. In Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, the Supreme Court ruled that the president had overstepped his powers in creating military commissions without consulting Congress.

41. Cold War Vocabulary Third World — The group of developing countries in the world not linked with the United States or the Soviet Union during the Cold War. capitalism — An economic system characterized by private ownership of property and free enterprise. communism — An economic system in which all goods are owned jointly; in the Soviet Union, this developed into a government in which all social and economic policy decisions were made by a single party. Cold War — An intense hostile rivalry during the second half of the 20th century between Communist nations, particularly the Soviet Union, and the democratic nations of the world, led by the United States. containment — The foreign policy of the United Sates designed to stop the growth of communism. Iron Curtain — An imaginary line that separated the countries in Western Europe from the countries under Soviet domination in Eastern Europe. Truman Doctrine — A 1947 pronouncement by President Truman that offered aid to the governments of Greece and Turkey in their fight against Soviet influence; the first application of the containment policy. Marshall Plan — A program implemented by the United States in 1948 to help bolster the economies of European countries trying to recover after World War II. blockade — A military strategy that attempts to isolate a country by preventing the movement of its people and goods. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) — A mutual defense alliance established in 1949 between the United States, Canada and several Western European countries designed to safeguard Western Europe against Soviet attack. Warsaw Pact — A mutual defense organization established in 1955 by the Soviet Union and several Eastern European countries. nuclear arms race — The development and warehousing of weapons of mass destruction by the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

42. Cold War Vocabulary Sputnik- A Russian space satellite launched in 1957 that caused the United States to reassess its role as a world leader in technology and develop its own space agency. Berlin Wall— A barrier surrounding the German city of West Berlin, constructed by the Soviet Union in 1961 to stop people from fleeing Communist East Berlin. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) — An organization in the United States responsible for gathering information and facilitating overseas communications. Bay of Pigs — An unsuccessful attempt by U.S.-backed Cuban exiles to overthrow Communist Cuban leader Fidel Castro in April 1961. domino theory— The fear that the spread of communism would run rampant among neighboring countries if one were to fall under Communist influence. détente — The relaxation of tensions between nations. Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) — Agreement between the United States and Soviet Union intended to limit the proliferation of long-range nuclear weapons. Contra — A member of a military group that fought the Sandinista government in Nicaragua. Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) — A program proposed by President Reagan in 1983 that was intended to provide the United States with a space-based defense system to guard against possible nuclear attacks. Intermediate Nuclear Force Treaty (INF) — An agreement signed by President Reagan and Soviet President Gorbachev in 1987 that called for the elimination of medium-range nuclear weapons. glasnost — A policy of political openness in Soviet society instituted by leader Mikhail Gorbachev. perestroika — The restructuring of the failing Soviet economy, allowing for limited free enterprise under Mikhail Gorbachev.

43. Pretest answers! Republicans Democrats End of the Cold War and Contemporary America-Complete the following statements in PENCIL using your prior knowledge. 1. In terms of political parties, Nixon, Ford, Reagan, and both Bush presidents were while Carter, Clinton and Obama are . 2. Which president unsuccessfully tried to “WHIP” the economy into shape after pardoning a scandalous president? 3. Which one-term president tried to restore honor to the presidency after the confusion of Watergate, only to get bogged down with a hostage situation in the Middle East? 4. Through détente', which president successfully improved the relationship between the US and communists in China and the USSR? 5. What president built up America’s military and said, “We are too great a nation to limit ourselves to small dreams?” 6. What related presidents were involved in wars in the Persian Gulf region? 7. What two-term president defeated Reagan’s Vice President in a bid for reelection and presided over America in a time of a prosperous economy, while steering changes in rights for working families & welfare reform? Ford Carter Nixon Reagan Bush: H.W.Persian Gulf; W.Iraq War Clinton

44. inflation recession End of the Cold War and Contemporary America 8. The economic term referring to a rapid rise in prices where the dollar is worth less is called 9. When business slows down, people buy less, and unemployment is high is known as a 10. A period of high unemployment and high inflation is called 11. The three events of the late 1980s and early 1990s that exemplified the rebellion against communism were the of the in 1989, and the break up of the in 1991, and the protest in China. • What is the greatest international threat to America in the post-Cold War era? 13. Name at least one factor that led to the rise of conservatism in America in the 1980s. 14. Describe the trends & changes of the new US economy. 15. Name at least one change in the US population that presents an issue/challenge for our nation. stagflation fall Berlin Wall Soviet Union Tiananmen Square terrorism Liberal policies & court cases, “New Left,” international events (Iran Hostage Crisis) weakened U.S. position Technology & service-based industries are thriving, NOT agrarian or manufacturing sectors Immigration, drugs, crime, education, unemployment, ETC

45. End of the Cold War and Contemporary AmericaEnduring Understandings Some people suffer and some people benefit when the ECONOMY changes. Conflict occurs when people perceive that TRADITIONALvalues and culture are threatened by MODERN changes Liberals and Conservatives have DIFFERENTbeliefs about individual responsibility and the proper ROLEof the government. The rise and fall of governments around the world impact U.S. FOREIGN POLICY.

46. Unit V: End of the Cold War & Contemporary Americap. 727-728 During this era, Americans battled over the role of the federal government within the United States and in the world. At home, liberals and conservatives argued over different approaches to issues ranging from welfare to health care. Abroad, the Soviet Union collapsedand the Cold War ended amid much celebration. Hopes for a more peacefulworld were shattered on September 11, 2001, when al Qaeda attacked U.S. targets. As fears of future attacks mounted, Americans asked themselves, "In this new age of terrorism, can we keep our country secure without compromising the nation’s founding ideals?"

47. 1. What effect does a changing economy have on American society? The basis of the economy changed from industrial to TECHNOLOGICAL and SERVICE-BASED. There were efforts of the government to combat INFLATION and RECESSION.

48. 2. What is the proper role of the government in people’s lives? There was aCONSERVATIVE reaction to liberalismand SOCIAL changes since the 1960s. The effects of the economic policies of the REAGANand BUSH administrations will be examined, as well as the impact of the “Reagan Revolution” on public PERCEPTIONS of the role of government. Nixon’s policy of DÉTENTE with the USSR and the People’s Republic of China will be examined, along with the impact of the IRAN-CONTRA affair on the Reagan administration.

49. 3. How did the end of the Cold War alter the United States’ security and position in the world? Reagan made efforts to reassert American MILITARYpowerand REBUILD American prestige. America was the lone SUPERPOWERafter the fall of the Soviet Union. The US was attacked by AL-QAEDA on September 11, 2001.

50. 4. To what extent has America lived up to its founding ideals? Students will explore how the ideals of liberty, equality, opportunity, rights and democracy are exemplified or contradicted in the recent past.