Climate & Weather .

1. CamilaC. Climate &Weather.

2. What is weather? • Weather is the state of the atmosphere at any time during the day or night. It includes temperature, precipitation air pressure and cloud cover. The weather changes daily due to winds and storms . • Seasonal changes are due to the Earth revolving.

3. What is climate? • Climate is an average of the weather taken on a long time period mostly 30 years on a same area of land. • In other words it is the average weather pattern for an individual region. • It describes short term state of the atmosphere.

4. Difference between climate and weather. • Climate and weather are two completely different themes. When climate is the average pattern of weather in a region, weather is the state of the atmosphere for a short period of time.

5. Climate &Atmosphere • The atmosphere is a thin layer of gases that make up what we call air. This layer helps the Earth regulate the climate it has. • The atmosphere traps green house gasses and create the green house effect. • The troposphere lets heat in Earth, but it doesn't let it out. This effect creates climate changes.

6. Climate &Atmosphere. • The amount of heat trapped in the troposphere depends on two factors. The amount of greenhouse gasses stored and the state in the atmosphere. • With out the green house effect process the earth would be a cold, lifeless planet. • It would be 18°C instead of 15°C, which is now.

7. Climate.Temperature, and Precipitation • Temperature: the measure of the kinetic energy level within an object, system, or body. • Precipitation: any form of liquid or solid water particles that fall from the atmosphere and reach the surface of the Earth

8. Climate.Temperature and Precipitation • Temperature and precipitation patterns that led to the Earth’s climates are mostly caused by the way the air circulates in the earths surface.

9. Temperature and Precipitation • Many factors affect the way air circulates in earths surface. • The amount of solar energy striking the earth in a long term. • The uneven heating of the earth’s surface. • Seasonal changes As there are different ways air circulates on the globe climate is redistributed through different places causing different temperatures and precipitations, that cause different climates.

10. Uneven heating of the Earth’s surface. • The uneven heating of the surface is simply that air is heated a lot more near the equator -were the sunrays heat directly- than in the poles –where sunlight strikes in an angle an spread toward a bigger area. • This helps explain why tropical regions are hot and vice versa.

11. SeasonalChanges • These occur because the earths axis is tilted so in the Earths normal rotation and revolving one side will receive more sunlight than the other one creating seasons.

12. Types of CloudsHigh Clouds • 5,000-13,000m Noctilucent clouds are the highest clouds in the sky, however they are not associated with weather like the rest of the clouds.

13. Cirrus, Cirrostratus, Cirrocumulus • Cirrus: most common  (5000-13000m) They are made entirely of ice and consist of long wispy .Cirrus clouds are usually white and predict fair weather. • Cirrostratus: Sheet like clouds that usually cover the entire sky. The moon and stars can shine trough them. These types of clouds usually come 12-24 hours before rain or snow.  • Cirrocumulus: These clouds are shaped like small rounded puffs that usually appear in long rows.  Cirrocumulus are usually seen in winter time and they indicate fair cold weather.

14. Types of CloudsMiddle Clouds. • Middle clouds are made of ice crystals and water droplets. • Thealtitudeis2000-7000m

15. Altostratus & Altocumulus • Altostratus: These type of cloud usually cover the whole sky and has a grayish blue-ish appearance. The moon or the sun can shine through it, but it appears watery or fuzzy. Usually forms ahead of storms with continuous rain or snow. • Altocumulus: These type of clouds are grayish-white with one part of the cloud darker than the other. Altocumulus usually form in groups and are about 1 kilometer thick • Altocumulus humid morning equals thunderstorms in the noon.

16. Types of CloudsLow Clouds • Surface-2,000m •  Low clouds consist of water droplets.

17. Nimbostratus, Stratus, Stratocumulus • Nimbostratus: These clouds are dark with a ragged These clouds mostly predict continuous rain or snow. • Stratocumulus: These clouds are low, lumpy, and gray. Only light rain generally in the form of drizzle occurs after this clouds. • Stratus: These clouds are uniform gray and cover most of the sky, it looks like a fog that doesn’t touch the Stratus clouds predict light mist or drizzle.

18. Types of CloudsClouds with Vertical Growth • Surface-13,000m • These clouds grow high up into the atmosphere instead of spreading. They can get to the troposphere and can even rise up into the stratosphere. • These type of clouds cause the most interesting weather on the Earth.

19. Cumulus & Cumulonimbus • Cumulus: These are puffy white or clear color, they look like cotton balls. They have sharp outlines and flat base.hey are puffy white or light gray clouds that look like floating cotton balls. Cumulus clouds have sharp outlines and a flat base. Can be associated with good or bad weather. • Cumulonimbus: These clouds can grow up to 10km high. Has the top Cumulonimbus clouds are associated with heavy rain, snow, thunderstorms, hail and lightning.

20. Types of CloudsContrails • 5,000-13,000m  • Clouds that are formed when water vapor condenses and freezes around small particles that come from airplanes and other machinery exhaust. The water vapor comes from the air 

21. Clouds and Climate • Clouds are important for the flow of energy that come in and out of our planet and have an great impact on Earths temperature. • Clouds have two very important influences on earth.

22. Clouds and Climate • Clouds block sunlight form reaching the surface of earths and reflects a piece of energy that came in back to space as in a cooling way. It isnt part of the green house gasses. • Clouds also block the energy that the earth itself emits back to space. The release of these infrared radiation is the way that the Earth gets rid of heat and when a cloud blocks it from getting it out the temperature heats up.

23. Clouds and Climate • Low clouds tend to be the good sunlight reflectors, and thus cool the planet, while high clouds tend to warm the planet by this infrared trapping mechanism. • These two processes balance each other out!

24. Clouds and Climate • While high clouds trap heat heating the earth, low clouds reflect light cooling the earth

25. Human Impact on Climate • Human activities have changed the climate by causing change in the atmosphere by creating more greenhouse gases. • Exessive greenhouse gasses affect climate by altering incoming solar radiation that comes in and out. • This creates global warming.

26. Global Warming • Refers to an average increase on the earths temperature that could change the climate resulting in ad impacts to plants, wildlife and humans. • Global warming causes climate to be unpredictable.

27. Bibliography • -"Weather Wiz Kids Weather Information for Kids." Weather Wiz Kids Weather Information for Kids. Web. 10 May 2012. <http://www.weatherwizkids.com/weather-climate.htm>. • -"Global Environment.com." Global Environment. Web. 10 May 2012. <http://www.admwebstudios.co.uk/Atmosphere2.htm>. • -"Weather and Climate." Clouds and Climate Change. Web. 10 May 2012. <http://blog.timesunion.com/weather/clouds-and- climate- change/2129/>. • - IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M.Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. • - "Cloud Types." Cloud Types. Web. 15 May 2012. <http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Atmosphere/clouds/c loud_types.html>.