The Work of Gregor Mendel

1. The Work of Gregor Mendel Chapter 11-1

2. Set up Cornell Notes 11-1 The Work of Gregor Mendel

3. Gregor Mendel • Austrian • live in the mid 1800’s • Born to peasant farmers • Became a monk and lived in a monastery

4. Gregor Mendel • “Father of Genetics” • Experimented garden plants and small farm animals to understand genetics. • Known mostly for his experiments with pea plants

5. Genetics • Scientific study of heredity • The study of how parents pass down traits to their offspring

6. Inheritance • The passing of traits from parents to offspring.

7. Mendel’s Experiments • Mendel Cross Pollinated Pea Plants and Studied how their traits were passed from 1 generation to the next • Kept DETAILED records (Data) • Analyzed data and came up with conclusions that eventually were turned into the laws of genetics

9. Mendel and Hawkweed

10. Trait • Specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another Traits Mendel looked at: Short

11. What is Probability? Question: If I toss a penny 50 times, how many times will it land on heads? Hypothesis: Data: Heads Tails Totals: %Heads & %Tails Conclusion:

12. Probability Question: If we add up all of the coin tosses in the class, what do you think the percentage of times did the pennies land heads? Hypothesis: Data: Totals % heads tails Conclusion:

13. Probability Question: If we add up all of the coin tosses in all of Ms. Hau’s classes, what do you think the percentage of times did the pennies land heads? Hypothesis: Data: Totals % heads tails Conclusion:

14. Probability • It’s the likelihood that an event will happen • Its Not Exact • One event does not affect the next • The more times you repeat an event the more likely you’ll get closer to your predicted outcome.

15. Purebred/ Homozygous • Genetically pure for a particular trait. Both genes are the same for a trait. Offspring Parents TT = tall & tt = short

16. What do you think the outcome was?

17. Hybrid / Heterozygous • Have two different forms of a gene Tt = Tall dogfoose.wordpress.com

18. Gene • A segment on a chromosome consisting of a long sequence of nitrogen bases that code for a protein. (Proteins do the work in cells and determine traits)

19. Allele • Different form of a gene OR Example: Gene for Plant height -Allele for Tall OR -Allele for Short OR OR

20. Mendel’s Principle of Dominance • States that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.

21. Dominant Allele • The stronger form of a gene. • Represented by the capital letter of the dominant trait. (T=tall) • If present will be the trait that is expressed.

22. Recessive Allele • The weaker form of a gene. • Is represented with a lower case letter. (t=short) • Recessive trait hides unless both genes are the recessive allele. http://media.bigoo.ws/content/gif/cartoon/cartoon_212.gif

23. Genetic Data Collection P- generation F2- generation F1- generation • The first set of parents were called the “P” generation • The resulting offspring were called the “F1” generation • The offspring of the F1 generation were called the “F2” generation

24. Gamete • Sex cells (Egg & Sperm)

25. Fertilization • When male and female reproductive cells join • Egg & Sperm Or Pollen & Egg

26. Zygote • Fertilized Egg

27. Segregation • All living things contain 2 genes for every trait, one from their mother and one from their father • During production of sex cells the chromosomes separate so that each gamete have only 1 set of chromosomes

28. Crossing 2 Hybrids: