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Properties of the Atmosphere

Properties of the Atmosphere. Chapter 11.2. A. Measuring Temperature Thermometer - used to measure temperature. Temperature scales. 32. 0. 273. 68. 20. 293. 98.6. 37. 310. 212. 100. 373. B. Air Pressure Pressure: force distributed over a certain area. Measured in:

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Properties of the Atmosphere

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  1. Properties of the Atmosphere Chapter 11.2

  2. A. Measuring Temperature Thermometer - used to measure temperature. Temperature scales 32 0 273 68 20 293 98.6 37 310 212 100 373

  3. B. Air Pressure Pressure: force distributed over a certain area. Measured in: • Newton’s per square meter (N/m2 ) • Pascal’s (Pa) • kiloPascal’s(kPa) • pounds per square inch (psi) • millibars (mb).

  4. - Pressure is caused by collisions between particles of a gas and the walls of the container. Gas Pressure

  5. Factors that Affect Air Pressure 1. Temperature - raising the temperature of a gas will increase the pressure of the gas. - increasing the temperature will increase the speed of the gas particles - the faster moving particles will hit the walls of the container with more force. 2. Volume – reducing the volume of a gas increases the pressure of the gas. 3. Number of Particles – increasing the number of particles will increase the pressure of a gas.

  6. C. Temperature Inversions - In the troposphere, air temperature normally decreases with height. - With a temperature inversion, the temperature increases with height. - This creates a “cap” on the atmosphere so that air can only rise to a certain level. Smoke from a factory in Scotland can not rise above a layer of warmer air. Wikipedia

  7. D. Wind Warm air cools Cold air sinks Warm air rises Air moves from high pressure area to low pressure area. This moving air is called wind. Low Pressure Area High Pressure Area

  8. E. Humidity 1. Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air. - expressed as grams / cubic meter 2. Relative humidity is the ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air to the maximum amount of water vapor it could hold at that given temperature. - expressed as a percent - usually measured using hygrometer or a sling psychrometer

  9. Sling Psychrometers - Soak cotton wick on wet bulb with water. - Spin for one minute. - Read wet bulb temperature and dry bulb temperature. - Use table on page 961 to find the relative humidity.

  10. 3. Dew point is the temperature at which the air becomes saturated with water. - relative humidity equals 100%. - water vapor in the atmosphere condenses to liquid or ice. Measuring Dew Point Video – Dew point (2:45 min) 1. Fill a shiny metal can half way with water. 2. Place a thermometer in the water. 3. Add several small ice cubes to the water. 4. Stir the ice until a mist forms on the outside of the can. 5. Record the dew point temperature.

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