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Japanese Steps towards Regional and Global Confidence Building

Japanese Steps towards Regional and Global Confidence Building. Collective Security in Space – Asian Perspective Panel III: Regional and International Space Security Initiatives Kazuto Suzuki University of Tsukuba 24 April, 2006. Introduction. Japanese normative ground on space and security

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Japanese Steps towards Regional and Global Confidence Building

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  1. Japanese Steps towards Regional and Global Confidence Building Collective Security in Space – Asian Perspective Panel III: Regional and International Space Security Initiatives Kazuto Suzuki University of Tsukuba 24 April, 2006

  2. Introduction • Japanese normative ground on space and security • Reflection of Pacifist vs. Realist • Realist: Strengthening Japanese technological capability • Pacifist: Military-driven technology should be controlled • Underlying normative framework: atomic energy • Controlling users, not the purposes – exclude military to be involved • Nuclear issue – very sensitive to Japanese public • Diet Resolution in 1969 • “Space Development for Exclusively Peaceful Purposes” • “Open, Transparent, Democratic” decision-making • Excluding any military involvement – national consensus • Civilian, technology-driven space programs • Lack of political and strategic interests – Bureaucrat-led policy • Fit in Cold War Japanese strategy – low investment in defense, technological competence, join the big countries’ club, respecting alliance with the US

  3. Shocks in Post-Cold War period • Launch of Taepodong in 1998 • Political and social panic – Pacifist ideal is no longer relevant • Quick decision to launch Information Gathering Satellites • Troubles of IGS • Diet resolution – SDF are not allowed to develop, own and operate • “multi-purpose satellite” – infringes with 1990 Accord • Transforming US-Japan alliance • Sharing burden – New guideline, Afghanistan, Iraq • Missile defense and US RMA and transformation • Changing role of Self-Defense Forces • Participation in Missile Defense • Japanese system depends on US early warning intelligence • Question of “collective defense” – Japan does not exercise the right • Question of Diet resolution – Japanese MD is in dilemma

  4. The Basic Law • Minister for Space and HQ • Minister for Space is supposed to be the leader and planner • All user ministries participate in Headquarters – interministerial coordination • Transform Japanese space from R&D to user-oriented activities • Incentives for user ministries including Ministry of Defense • Tools for security and foreign policy • Reinterpretation of Diet Resolution • “Exclusively peaceful purpose” will be remained as a text • From “non-military” to “non-aggressive/non-offensive” nature • Allows defense authority to be involved in space policy making • Contribution to global and regional security

  5. Contribution to Global Security • Combination of security and diplomacy • Japanese Constitutional constraints wouldn’t change after Basic Law • Using space for purely defense purpose does not make sense in Japan • Using space as a diplomatic tools is expected in the Basic Law • Improving capability and scope of peacekeeping and disaster relief • Increasing participation in peacekeeping and disaster relief operations • Cambodia, Golan Heights, Mozambique, Rwanda, and East Timor, Pakistan earthquake, Indonesia Tsunami + Indian Ocean and Iraq • Changing perspective of SDF • From “unconstitutional force” to important contribution to the world • Contradiction of Diet Resolution • Troops are sent for maintenance of “peace” but cannot use space because of “exclusive peaceful purpose” • Basic Law is to solve the contradiction

  6. Contribution to Regional Security • Unstable security condition in Asia • North Korean nuclear and missile test • Increasing military spending and modernization of PLA • Number of territorial disputes • Strengthening regional forum • ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) – Central organization to deal with conflict • APEC and East Asian Summit – contribute to some aspects of security • Prioritize regional interest to national agenda • Japan’s interest is not push domestic agenda and being isolated • Abductees issue, unilateral sanction on North Korea • Strengthening regional security reflects on Japanese security • Using technological advantage and taking leadership • Role of the US is weakened after the end of Cold War • China is emerging as a potential leader • Fragmented approach by Japan – comparison of APSCO and APRSAF • Basic Law is to coordinate inter-ministerial policy and provide leadership in space

  7. Conclusion • Japan’s contribution – take leadership • Provide infrastructure for regional security • Complementary role to US leadership • Using technological advantage – imagery satellite with various sensors • Already started – Sentinel Asia – Needs to extend • Regional Confidence Building Satellite • Owned and operated by Japanese authority • Designed to distribute imagery intelligence for monitoring arms control, troops movement, strategic facilities • Members of the region would have free access • Transparency Information Center • Distribution of imagery and archives • European experience: EU Satellite Centre in Torrejon and BOC • Japan would play a role of “Peace Broker” • Consistent with its Constitutional requirement • Ensuring regional security is the interest of Japan

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