ENERGY Resources!

1. Wind Biomass ENERGY Resources! Solar By Philip Millmaker Natural Gas Oil

2. Natural Gas

3. Natural Gas History • Natural gas is believed to be discovered and used first in China perhaps as early as 1000 B.C • In 200 B.C natural gas was used to make salt in China • In 1816, gas was used to light street lamps in Baltimore, Maryland. • In 1821 it was used for lighting in Fredonia New York.

4. Natural Gas Description Methane Gas Molecule • Natural gas was formed around 100 million years ago. • We find natural gas in types of rocks under the ground. • Geologists study and locate where natural gas is. • Natural gas is colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly methane gas. • Natural gas is Non-renewable. http://www.energy.gov.ab.ca/NaturalGas/graphics/NGC_Molecule.jpg

5. Natural Gas Location and recovery • Gas is found in rocks underground called reservoirs. • Gas is produced by drilling wells into the reservoirs • Located anywhere that there has been deposited sedimentary rocks. • Drilling sites are offshore and on land. • Natural Gas is located in these areas: http://www.naturalgasbank.com/images/natural_gas_production.gif

6. Used for: heating, cooking, hot water, clothes dryer, backup generators and so forth. Can be supplied by underground pipes. Has clean burning and is easy to distribute. Contributes minimally to the greenhouse effect by giving off C02 which adds to global warming. It can be very expensive. It can leak and cause explosions. Difficult to store and transport in smaller volumes. Natural Gas Pros and Cons Pros Cons http://www.energysave.energyaustralia.com.au/__data/assets/image/0018/3780/NaturalGas255.jpg

7. Natural Gas Environment • It is a clean burning fuel. • Produces much less C02 than burning oil or coal. • Contributes to only 19% of C02 emissions in air. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://gristmill.grist.org/images/user/8/hansen_letter_2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://gristmill.grist.org/story/2007/12/9/212811/580&usg=__q299cUHqXYGEGYOUY1VA7Pb68oE=&h=305&w=540&sz=56&hl=en&start=21&um=1&tbnid=IsCjFG3Mb4SCnM:&tbnh=75&tbnw=132&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnatural%2Bgas%2Bpie%2Bof%2Bamount%2Bof%2BC02%2Bgiven%2Boff%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26sa%3DN Percent contributions of different fossil fuels to 2006 CO2 emissions (left side) and contributions to the excess CO2 in the air today relative to pre-industrial CO2 amount.

8. Natural gas Stored and released • Stored in underground gas reservoirs, pipeline and storage systems. • Released by burning in turbines to make electricity. • Burnt directly for cooking, heating etc. http://www.metaefficient.com/images/natural_gas_heater_cbn20t_141_150.jpg

9. Natural Gas http://www.need.org/needpdf/Intermediate%20Energy%20Infobook.pdf Interesting Facts • Natural gas lighter than air. • When cooled 260 degrees below zero it changes from a gas to a liquid. • More than half of the U.S homes use natural gas. • Rotten egg smell is added to natural gas so when it spills you can smell it. • Use of natural gas:

10. Natural gas Interesting Facts http://www.need.org/needpdf/Intermediate%20Energy%20Infobook.pdf

11. Oil

12. Oil Production • The world's top five crude oil-producing countries are: • Saudi Arabia • Russia • United States • Iran • China • Over one-fourth of the crude oil produced in the United States is produced offshore in the Gulf of Mexico. The top crude oil-producing states are: • Texas • Alaska • California • Louisiana • Oklahoma http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/non-renewable/oil.html

13. Oil History • Paleo-Indians found oil and used it before 1400 A.D. • In 1857 Edwin Drake was sent to Titusville, Pennsylvania to attempted the first oil well but he failed. • In 1859 Edwin drake tried again and discovered oozing oil. Edwin Drakes Well! http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/84/19384-004-01CF4CFE.jpg

14. Oil Description • Oil is a fossil fuel. • Is a non renewable. • Formed from buried sedimentary rocks and decayed plants and animals. • Found in oil reservoirs. http://www.need.org/needpdf/Intermediate%20Energy%20Infobook.pdf

15. Oil Location and Recovery • Oil is located anywhere sedimentary rocks have been deposited. • Recovered by drilling wells into underground oil reservoirs. http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/non-renewable/oil.html

16. Oil Stored and Released • Can be stored in large tanks, known as tank farms. • Stored and transported in large tanker ships. • Converted into products by refining. • Released by burning in engines.

17. Fuel of industry and transport. Make plastics and other products. Is useful fuel to power cars and other transport vehicles. Easily stored and handled Spillage can damage the environment. Drilling for oil can disturb wildlife habitats. Contributes to global warming. Is running out and getting more expensive Oil (Products from Oil) Pro’s and Con’s Pro Con’s

18. Oil Environment • In the last 15-20 years oil products have improved to so they pollute the Environment less. • Second most polluting fossil fuel behind coal. • Large spillage can cause environmental disasters http://www.stephencresswell.com/s/BAL-22.JPG

19. Oil Interesting Facts • The U.S consumes a quarter of the worlds oil. • Most is used for transportation. • Almost 50% is used for car gasoline. • Used for around 5000 years. • Saudi Arabia is the largest oil producing country. http://www.need.org/needpdf/Intermediate%20Energy%20Infobook.pdf

20. Oil Interesting Facts- Strategic Petroleum Reserve • The United States has a strategic petroleum reserve. • Stores 727 million barrels in underground storage caverns. • Emergency supply that started in 1975 after the middle east oil embargo. • A large portion of this reserve is stored underground very close to Houston. http://eyeball-series.org/spr/sprsites.gif

21. Oil Reserves, in Billions of Barrels Interesting Facts Distribution of Oil 683.5 95.2 74.9 59.0 54.7 44.0 17.2 North America Central And South America Western Europe Africa Middle East Eastern Europe and ex USSR Far East And Oceania Source: Fortune, 2006

22. Solar

23. Solar History • Ancient Greek homes were built to face the sun in the winter time. • In 1861, Auguste Mouchout invented a steam engine powered fully by the sun. • In 1953 Gerald Pearson, Daryl Chaplin and Calvin Fuller invented the first silicon solar cell. • Around the 50s and 60s satellites began using solar panels for electricity. • In 2002 Japan installed 25,000 solar rooftops. http://www.pe.com/imagesdaily/2008/04-26/hg_0426_homeshow_solar_panels_400.jpg

24. Solar Description • Comes from the sun. • A renewable resource. • Amount of energy depends on time of day, time of year, the weather and distance from equator. http://www.brighamandwomens.org/publicaffairs/Images/Sunlight.jpg

25. Solar Location and Recovery • Radiant heat from the sun from a process called nuclear fusion. • Captured in solar collectors. • Collected energy used for space heating, water heating etc. • Converted to electricity in photovoltaic cells.

26. Solar Stored and Released • Stored in the sun by a process of nuclear fusion. • The sun radiates heat and light to earth. https://www.mrsolar.com/style-img/solar-panel-diagram.png

27. Heats water for houses, buildings and swimming pools. Heats spaces in greenhouses , houses and other buildings. Free, unlimited supply. Can power many appliances such as calculators etc. Sunlight depends on location, time of day, time of year and weather. Expensive way of generating electricity. Solar Pro’s Pro’s and Con’s Con’s http://www.sz-wholesale.com/uploadFiles/upimg5/Solar-Card-Calculator-10015.JPG

28. Solar Environment • It’s free. • No pollution for water or air. • Making photovoltaic cells to make sunlight to electricity consumes silicon and makes waste products. • Big solar thermal farms can damage desert ecosystems if not properly used.

29. Solar Interesting Facts • You can cook food with solar energy. • 30% of solar energy usage is to heat water. • Sun’s energy only takes 8 minutes to travel the distance of 93 million miles to earth. http://www.mahaurja.com/IMAGES/scok3.jpg

30. Biomass

31. Biomass History • Burning wood been the largest energy provider since antiquity. • It was still the largest energy use in the U.S until the mid 1800’s. • Modern use of Biomass materials: include waste products and renewable materials grown for energy.

32. Biomass Interesting Facts • About 50% of renewable energy comes from biomass products. • Iowa and Wisconsin, Biomass energy from landfills and dairy farms is being used to make electricity. • In Iowa, a power plant is using a crop called switchgrass to make electricity.

33. Biomass Description • Biomass is dead organic matter. • Wood is the largest biomass source. • Other sources are animal waste, crops, garbage. • Biomass is a renewable energy source. ( as we can grow more in a short period.)

34. Biomass Location and Recovery • Areas were crops grow fast. • By products from waste dumps. • Waste products from food processing. (corn cobs, fruit pits) • Trees grown to for burning wood. The above are collected and processed for use by consumers.

35. Biomass Stored and Released • Biomass gets its energy from the sun. • Plants absorb sunlight by photosynthesis and convert into carbohydrates. • The 4 main ways to release energy stored in biomass are: • Burning wood, manure, etc. • Bacterial decay, which gives off methane gas • Fermentation, to produce ethanol • Conversion, into liquid fuel

36. Renewable. Can recycle waste products. Can be converted into liquid fuels. Competes with resources for food production. Not conveniently stored and released in small volumes. Polluting. Biomass Pro’s and Con’s Pro’s Con’s

37. Biomass Environment • Biomass products burning pollutes the air. • Biomass do not produce pollutants like sulfur, which cause acid rain. • Growing plants for biomass may reduce greenhouse gases. http://water.me.vccs.edu/concepts/oxcycle.jpg

38. Wind

39. Wind History • Wind power has been used since ancient times. • Windmills have been used for grinding grains, pumping water and sawing wood. • Sailing ships harness the power of the wind. http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/00/17/d1/4e/old-windmill.jpg

40. Wind Description • Wind is the air in motion. • Wind is a renewable resource and does not pollute the air. • Modern wind turbines like windmills capture the energy of the wind to generate electricity.

41. Wind Location and Recovery • A good location for wind turbines is where land and the sea meet. • Another is in plains and hills were wind blows strongly and steadily. • Wind turbine capture the wind to generate electricity. http://www.need.org/needpdf/Intermediate%20Energy%20Infobook.pdf

42. Wind Stored and Released • Wind farms capture the power of wind with wind turbines to generate electricity. • Wind farms are a collection of many wind turbines together.

43. Renewable. Zero pollution. Free. Noisy. Unsightly. Cant be in urban areas. Wind Pro’s and Con’s Pro’s Con’s

44. Wind Environment • Non polluting. • Renewable. • Flying animals may be at risk at wind farms. http://www.freefoto.com/images/39/01/39_01_1---Wind-Turbine-Generators--Palm-Springs--California_web.jpg

45. Wind Interesting Facts • Holland became famous because of their windmills having blades instead of paddle wheels. • The Pickens plan is a plan that involves not using imported oil that costs a lot of money, and replacing it with wind power. http://www.cityofholland.com/cihollandmius/images/windmill.jpg

46. Projected world demand for energy • Around the year 2060, we will be using three times the energy we use today. • A lot of this energy will have to come from renewable resources. (Source: Shell)

47. Energy is the top Problemfor next 50 years • ENERGY • WATER • FOOD • ENVIRONMENT • POVERTY • TERRORISM & WAR • DISEASE • EDUCATION • DEMOCRACY • POPULATION 2003 6.3 Billion People 2050 8-10 Billion People Richard Smalley, 2003 Rice University Humanity’s top ten problems.

48. Sources • http://www.need.org/needpdf/Intermediate%20Energy%20Infobook.pdf • http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/index.html • http://www.powerhousekids.com/stellent2/groups/public/documents/pub/phk_001537.hcsp • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki