“Assessment Of Ground Water Potential Zone Using Remote Sensing And Gis ”

1. “Assessment Of Ground Water Potential Zone Using Remote Sensing And Gis” BY SWATI SHRIVASTVA Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering IES-IPS Academy, Indore

2. ABSTRACT • Groundwater is a precious resource of finite extent. In order to ensure the judicious use of groundwater, proper evaluation is required. The occurrence and movement of groundwater is mainly controlled by many factors viz. rock types, landforms, geological structures, soil, land use, rainfall etc. Madhya Pradesh is one of the major agricultural states of India with more than 70% of population dependent on it. Most of the cultivated land of Madhya Pradesh depends upon monsoon which is not uniform. The productivity of any crop mainly depends upon two natural resources Land and Water. Therefore the conservation of these two natural resources is essential for sustainability of rain fed agriculture. The investigations were carried out in 12 villages of Ujjain District Tarana (M.P.) namely Dobla, Kankariya, Jhirnia, Chakya, Ramnagar, Hazarpura, Moyakhera, Sarli, Manpura and Kapeli.

3. STUDY AREA • The Study area covers Deccan Trapethe region of low level plateau in Central India • The Study area Tarana approximately 80 to 85 km away from Ujjain. • These block Tarana situated on the river KAPELI that travels east to west. • The Study area bounded by latitude 23o 15’ to 23o 30’ N and longitude 76o 0 to 76o 15’ E .It falls in SOI ToposheetNos 55A/3.The Average Rainfall is 858.23 mm.

4. Climate: The climate of study area , maximum temperature ranges up to 45° c in Month of (April-June), while the minimum temperature is 20° c in the month of (Nov-Feb). • Vegetation: The vegetation is typical of arid regions with thorny trees like babul and acacia dominating the landscape. Soybean, wheat, jowar and bajra are the main crops grown. • Physiography :Area is divided into pediplane ), Denudational hills, Residual hills,Valley fills, flood plains etc

5. Location map of the study area

6. DATA USED The different types of data have been used in the present study • Remotely sensed data viz. LISS-III and Cartosat DEM data. • Existing maps, viz. Survey of India (SOI) Toposheets (55A/3) pertaining to the area on 1:50000 scale and published geological map etc.

7. METHODOLOGY

8. Integrated Analysis In G IS Environment : • Geographic information system (GIS) can be defined as an automated tool for efficient storage, analysis and presentation of geographically referenced data. In the present study, following five thematic maps have been integrated in GIS environment in order to delineate the groundwater potential zones. • Themes Used For Integration:Themes which are important for characterizing the groundwater regime of the study area, have been digitized in different layers viz. slope, soil, geology, drainage, lineament, and land use/land cover.

9. SOIL Soils of the region are of mixed type .Tonal variation in satellite data indicates the difference in soil texture, intensity of weathering and mineral composition of soil. Deep black soil, Lateritic soil and alluvial soil are the three different type o f soil identified in found in the study area. Deep black soil, which is fertile in nature, occupies major part of area. Black cotton soil is generally found depth of 1 to3 mts.

10. GEOLOGY The Study area has distinct attribute with a spectrum of Lava Flow ranging from upper cretaceous to Eocene. The area lies on Deccan Trap. The Lava Flows are generally 10 to 20 m in thickness of which 25 to 40% is Vesicular / Fractured Basalt. The Characteristics Red Bole from the marker horizons between successive lava flows.

11. DRAINAGE Drainage is source for groundwater recharge. Drainage pattern map of the study area has been drawn with the help of Survey of India topographic map and updated from satellite data. The streams present in the study area have been ordered (Figure 4) using Strahler’s system of stream ordering (Strahler 1957). The drainage analysis of the study area reveled mainly dendritic types of drainage pattern present which indicates that drainage of the study area geomorphologically and structurally controlled.

12. LINEAMENT Lineaments are the linear, rectilinear, curvilinear features of tectonic origin observed in satellite data. . The result of the analyzed lineament/fracture/fault indicated that the area has numerous long and short lineaments whose structural trends are mainly in North-south and North-East direction.

13. SLOPE • The Topography of the Study area is not uniform (Undulating) Tonal variation in satellite data indicates the difference in Slope

14. LAND USE / LAND COVER Understanding of land use/land cover is needed for optimal management of natural resources and it provides important indicators to the extent of groundwater requirement. The land use/land cover classes identified viz. water body, cultivated land, Wasteland,Flood Plan Wasteland and settlement based on FCC of IRS -LISS III satellite data

15. Weighted Index Overlay

16. RESULT AND DISCUSSION The final groundwater potential of the study area is represented in terms of the following zones viz. high, medium and low.The Very high groundwater prospects mainly exist in Eastern part of the study area. Medium potential zones are associated with the younger terraces and flood plains of river.The low potential zones are associated to hills

17. GROUND WATER POTENTIAL ZONE

18. Futuristic Action Plan The study area is covered by basaltic rocks and is having undulating topography. All the drainages of the area merge at Lagoon River. If we propose a suitable water recharging structure near Lagoon River then we can have good water storage. The stored water will percolate and increase the ground water potential of the area

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