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and The Red Scare and Arms Race

Explore the origins and geopolitical consequences of the Cold War, containment policy, and their relation to the Red Scare, Brinkmanship, and the Arms Race. Discover the events of the Second Red Scare, the Hollywood blacklist, the influence of Joseph McCarthy, the Rosenbergs' espionage case, the CIA's secret operations, the development of the H-Bomb, Eisenhower's policy of brinkmanship, and the space race.

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and The Red Scare and Arms Race

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  1. Brinkmanship Lecture and The Red Scare and Arms Race 1

  2. Standard 11.9.3 • Trace the origins and geopolitical consequences (foreign and domestic) of the Cold War and containment policy • Essential Question: What is brinkmanship and how does it relate to the Red Scare and Arms Race?

  3. The Second Red Scare • 1950: Congress gave Truman authority to detain “suspicious people.” • Truman vetoed • 1947: Truman established a Loyalty Review Board • required a loyalty oath and background check communist groups and unions

  4. Truman’s veto (in part): “The basic error of these sections is that they move in the direction of suppressing opinion and belief. This would be a very dangerous course to take, not because we have any sympathy for communist opinions, but because any governmental stifling of the free expression of opinion is a long step toward totalitarianism… There is no more fundamental axiom of American freedom than the familiar statement: In a free country, we punish men for the crimes they commit, but never for the opinions they have. And the reason this is so fundamental to freedom is not, as many suppose, that it protects the few unorthodox from suppression by the majority. To permit freedom of expression is primarily for the benefit of the majority, because it protects criticism, and criticism leads to progress.”

  5. HUAC • House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) • 1949 • feared foreign agents were working to subvert America • Alger Hiss (State Dept.) tried twice for espionage and imprisoned for perjury

  6. Hollywood + Communism = Blacklisting • Blacklisting • HUAC investigated communism in Hollywood unions • “Hollywood Ten” refused to testify • banned from working • over 300 directors/actors denied employment • Potential communists • Ronald Reagan, Walt Disney, Elia Kazan (1999) https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/hollywood-ten/videos/hollywood-ten?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

  7. Joe McCarthy • Joseph McCarthy • Wisconsin senator held up a “list” of 250 employees of State department who were communists • set off second red scare until 1954 when McCarthy fell out of favor http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MzKW-oz1Lbw

  8. Rosenbergs • Ethel and Julius Rosenberg • Americans feared espionage led to rapid Soviet development of A-Bomb • US developed A-Bomb in 1945 • Soviets get A-Bomb in 1949 • US developed H-Bomb in 1952 • Soviets get H-Bomb in 1953 • executed Rosenbergs for espionage/treason

  9. CIA • Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 1947 • conducts secret operations outside the US • assassination attempts • intelligence gathering (espionage)

  10. The Arms Race • H-Bomb, 1952 • the hydrogen bomb was the first thermonuclear explosion • took place in the Marshall Islands • 450 times Nagasaki • vaporized an entire island, leaving behind a crater more than a mile wide

  11. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TctDYRECE9o Eisenhower • Popular Allied commander in Europe during WWII • Nixon became the Vice President • believed we should show strength by getting as close to war as possible without war • brinkmanship • promised to get us out of Korea

  12. Nuclear Response • Massive Retaliation (Dulles director of CIA), 1954 • the US would answer any attack with a larger nuclear response

  13. M.A.D. • Mutual Assured Destruction (M.A.D.) • deterrence was knowing that if we tried to kill them we would also die

  14. Nikita Khrushchev • Nikita Khrushchev • Soviet Premier 1953-1964 • succeeded Stalin who died in 1953 • dealt with Eisenhower and Kennedy • helped keep up the arms race We will bury you!!

  15. Military Industrial Complex • Military-Industrial Complex • in 1960, Eisenhower warned against the US relying too much on large defense contracts for the economy • claimed there was a link between arms makers and US military

  16. Sputnik • Sputnik, 1957 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xw57VErRjA8 • first man-made satellite • circled the globe every 96 minutes for 92 days • created “missile gap” because Soviets were ahead in arms race and space race

  17. October Sky • National Defense Education Act • US emphasizes math and science • October Sky

  18. NASA • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 1958 • the arms race became the space race • JFK promised in 1961 to land a man on the moon by the end of the 1960s

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