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Ethers and Alcohols

Ethers and Alcohols. Ethers. Functional group is C-O-C Oxygen is in the main carbon chain Name by naming the hydrocarbon group on each side of O Example: Methyl ethyl ether. Ethers. Many are anesthetics Very flammable Diethyl ether is most common Often called just ether

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Ethers and Alcohols

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  1. Ethers and Alcohols

  2. Ethers • Functional group is C-O-C • Oxygen is in the main carbon chain • Name by naming the hydrocarbon group on each side of O • Example: • Methyl ethyl ether

  3. Ethers • Many are anesthetics • Very flammable • Diethyl ether is most common • Often called just ether • No longer used as an anesthetic • Used as an organic solvent • MTBE is used as oxygenator and octane booster in gasoline

  4. MTBE • Very stable in the environment • Is starting to show up in ground water • Banned by California • Phase-out mandated by congress • Being replaced by ? Exercise 6.7

  5. Alcohols • Functional group is –OH • Primary, 1° • Carbon that OH is on has only one carbon on it. • Secondary, 2° • Carbon with OH has 2 carbons on it. • Tertiary, 3° • Carbon with OH has 3 carbons on it. • Behave differently • Isomers & naming – C4 alcohols

  6. Methanol • Most simple • Very toxic • Can cause blindness and death • Flammable – used as a fuel • Oxygenates and boosts octane • Corrosive • Gives off formaldehyde • Also called “wood alcohol” and “methyl alcohol”

  7. Methanol • Most now made from natural gas (methane) • Most used to produce MTBE • M85 and M100 common fuels • M100 almost exclusively used in race cars • Not a likely to cause fireball • M85 used in FFV’s

  8. Ethanol • Most well known alcohol (grain alcohol) • In alcoholic beverages (ethyl alcohol) • Is also toxic but not at such low levels • Up to 12% by fermentation – distillation • Proof is twice the % alcohol • 1 pt of pure ethanol will kill you • Denatured alcohol • Affects many parts of your body

  9. Legal Limit = .05%

  10. Ethanol • Also used as a fuel • E10, E85, E100 • Also corrosive • Gives off acetaldehyde • Should we use food crops for fuel? • Renewable fuel • No gain in CO2 and supply renewable • Fertilizer, machinery and distillation • Also used as a solvent (cough syrup)

  11. 2-Propanol • Common name – isopropanol • Rubbing alcohol is a 75% solution in water • At that concentration, can enter cell walls of bacteria and kill them. • Don’t drink!

  12. H16 – C6 • 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12 - 14, 17, 32, 36 - 40, 42, 52, 54, 55, 58, Ex 6.7 • Name all isomers

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