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Creating the New American Government

Creating the New American Government. Main Idea Sheet. Ideas about government Articles of Confederation. I. The Articles of Confederation. The first governing document created to govern America Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on November 1777

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Creating the New American Government

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  1. Creating the New American Government

  2. Main Idea Sheet • Ideas about government • Articles of Confederation

  3. I. The Articles of Confederation • The first governing document created to govern America • Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on November 1777 • It was designed to create a weak central government

  4. A. Who had the power under the Articles of Confederation? 1. Between The States Of New Hampshire, Massachusetts-bay Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. 2. ARTICLE I The Stile of this Confederacy shall be "The United States of America". 3. ARTICLE II Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled. Sovereignty=governmental power Delegated=given

  5. B. A of C Strengths/Weaknesses Strengths (+) Weaknesses (-) Most power held by the states National government could not force states to obey laws To declare war and make peace Single branch of government No system of checks and balances To coin and borrow money No executive branch (enforce laws) No judicial branch (interpret laws) To engage with foreign countries and sign treaties No power to tax No power to regulate commerce between states A C D F G H I J B E H

  6. C. Ratification *Ratify: to confirm or approve 1. States kept most of their power (just as things were before the revolution); this way they would join the government 2. Written in 1777 by John Dickinson, a conservative, the Articles were to createa loose union of the states under the authority of the Congress 3. It would not take effect until all colonies ratified it; Maryland ratified the A.O.C. in 1781

  7. i. Why did it take so long to ratify? • The colonies quarreled over who controlled the lands west of the Appalachians • Maryland refused to ratify the Articles of Confederation until Virginia gave up its land claims in the west • Jefferson persuaded Virginians to drop their claims

  8. D. Structure of the Government under the Articles of Confederation • The government consisted of only one branch, the Congress • The unicameral (1 House) legislature had delegates elected by state legislatures • One vote per state, but 9 out of 13 are needed to pass a law • To change the Articles all 13 states had to unanimously agree

  9. E. Powers of the Government under the Articles of Confederation • Congress could declare war • Raise armies to fight in the war • Make treaties • Borrow money • Send diplomats to foreign countries

  10. F. Accomplishments • Winning the War---the government worked well enough to: • Raise an army • Get foreign support and alliances • Negotiate a favorable peace treaty

  11. F. Accomplishments (Cont.) 2. Land Ordinance of 1785--- the only way to raise money was to sell land: • This law established the surveying of land and how it was to be divided into townships • Each town would be 6 miles by 6 miles and divided into 36 sections, 1 section was set aside for public education

  12. F. Accomplishments (Cont.) • 3. Northwest Ordinance (1787): Worksheet

  13. F. Accomplishments (Cont.) 3. Northwest Ordinance (1787): • Created new territory north of Ohio River and east of Mississippi River • Set terms for when the territories could become state: Lesson 1 The Northwest Ordinance • No Slavery Allowed

  14. Poster: A)Basics – who, where, whenB) What did the Articles of Confederation say?C) Strengths? Weaknesses?D) express in pictures

  15. A.O.C. Poster 2nd C.C. Sample on Who: When Say? 1st +: - 1781

  16. II. America at the Time When the Articles of Confederation Weren’t Working A. Financial Problems $: • America was in debt having taken loans from foreign nations • Trading again with Britain= a) American goods sold to British colonies in the Caribbean had to be carried on British ships b) British goods with inexpensive prices causes American artisans to lose their jobs

  17. A. Financial Problems $ (Cont.): 3) No Standard Currency---every state had their own money making it difficult to trade, the money was not backed up by gold or silver: a) Inflation occurs b) Paper money became worthless 4) States taxing each other---states were acting like independent countries establishing taxes on each others goods

  18. B. Foreign Problems • Foreign presence: a) Spain: disputed the border between Georgia and Spanish Florida b) Britain: they maintained forts south of the Great Lakes 2) Foreign Debt: France, America’s ally, was owed money; Spain closed the Mississippi River and New Orleans to all American goods

  19. C. Domestic Problems • States were acting like their own independent countries: They taxed each other, quarreled over land and water, made their own currency 2. America’s Economy was horrible: inflation, unemployment, debt 3. Shays’ Rebellion---Rebellion in Massachusetts in 1786 led by former Continental Army Captain Daniel Shays

  20. Imagine you are a farmer returning from the Revolutionary War---what is your farm like, what do you need to make money, how will you get money for the things you need?

  21. Effect Chart for Farmers With less people to grow food production was down, thus a greater demand for food and prices were higher Farmers borrow money from banks to buy land, animals, and tools Farmers grow more food, but prices decline because food is more available Farmers go in debt and are sent to debtors’ jail, in jail they can’t make money to pay off their debts

  22. 3) Shays’ Rebellionvideo • Farmers were in debt and taxes were being raised • Shay leads a rebellion that closed down courts so they couldn’t place farmers in jail • Boston businessmen paid for an army to stop the rebellion • This rebellion causes American leaders to realize that the Articles give the national government to little power to keep order “Revolt against a monarch is one thing, but a revolution against a republic is a crime punishable by death.”---Sam Adams “A little rebellion now and then is a good thing…the tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants.”---Thomas Jefferson

  23. What Constitutional Convention? Why was it needed?

  24. III. Constitutional Convention • May 1787 • Philadelphia, PA • President of convention: George Washington • Goal: improve the Articles of Confederation • Result – an entirely new constitution (U.S. Constitution) • Ratification: December 7, 1787 (DE); May 1790 (RI)

  25. A. Virginia Plan(missteps along the way…) • VA – big or little state? • Edmund Randolph • Proposed an all-powerful central governmentBi-cameral legislature (two houses) w/ representatives based on state population • Who would appear to have more power in a system like this? • Who is likely to disapprove this plan?

  26. B. New Jersey Plan(missteps along the way…) • William Patterson • Unicameral legislature – one-house w/ an equal number of representatives from each stateFederal government could tax citizens in all statesFederal government could regulate interstate commerce • What size state do you think proposed this plan? Why?

  27. Virginia New Jersey • Whose plan or plans do you think won in the end? Who’s in the background?

  28. C. Great Compromise • Roger Sherman • Bicameral legislature • Congress will consist of 2 houses: Senate and House of Representatives • 2 representatives per state regardless of their size in the Senate(upper house) –appealing to the smaller states • Representation in the House of Representatives(lower house)is based on a state’s population (appealing to the LARGER states) • States with large or small populations received fair representation in gov’t

  29. D. The Slave Issue How would slaves be counted in a state’s population? • 3/5 Compromise:a slave was to count as 3/5’s a person or 5 slaves = 3 people • Slave Trade---was allowed for another 20 years (1808) then it was to be outlawed; this could be taxed • The nation’s new capitol was to be built in the South so the South would agree to the Constitution

  30. IV. The Constitution • Branches of the Government • Executive Branch---President is chosen to serve for 4 years by the electoral college • Legislative Brach (AKA Congress)---a) House of Representatives chosen for 2 years by people; b) Senate chosen for 6 years by state legislatures • Judicial Branch---serve for life, chosen by President and approved by Congress

  31. Constitutional Principle? Congress Constitutional Principle? No Age Required U.S. Government Includes VP and Cabinet

  32. Article? Article? What was the underlying principle that ensured that no one branch would become too powerful? Branch? Branch? Purpose? Purpose? Congress Title? What was the underlying principle for creating the three branches? House? House? # of members? Member Title? Member Title? No age required # of members? # of members? Length of term? Age Requirement? Age Requirement? U.S. Government Title of Leader? Length of term? Length of term? Title of Leader? Title of Leader? Article? Branch? Purpose? Leader Age Requirement? Leader Title? Leader length of term? Includes VP and Cabinet

  33. Article 1 Article 3 Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Constitutional Principle? Checks and Balances Interprets the laws Makes Laws Congress Supreme Court Constitutional Principle? H. Of R. Senate 9 on Supreme Court Representative Senator Separation of Powers 435 members 100 (2 from each state) No Age Required 25 years old 30 years old Serve for life U.S. Government 2 years Supreme Court Justice (Judge) 6 years Speaker of the House Vice President Executive Branch Enforce the laws Article #2 35 years + President Serves 4 years= 1 term Includes VP and Cabinet

  34. B. Reducing Tyranny • Federalism— divides power between state and national government 2. Checks and Balances- prevents any one branch from becoming too powerful

  35. C. Ratification of the Constitution • States would hold conventions to ratify or reject the Constitution; 9 out of 13 needed for it to go into effect • The country is split: a) Anti-federalistswere against the ratification b)Federalistswanted the Constitution ratified

  36. 2. Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans(Anti-Federalists) (1798) • Alexander Hamilton • James Madison • John Jay • George Mason • Patrick Henry

  37. C. Ratification of the Constitution (Cont.) 3. Federalist Papers: Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote newspaper articles (anonymously) to explain why constitution was needed 4. Anti-federalists oppose ratification because they fear it takes to much power from the states and there is No Bill of Rights

  38. Comparing the Articles of Confederation & the U. S. Constitution

  39. Bill of Rights

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