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LANDFILLS

LANDFILLS. ENVM 644: New Technologies in Environmental Management Dr. Robert Beauchamp. METHODS OF LANDFILLING. AREA METHOD : EXCAVATION - FLAT SURFACE COMPACTION/LINER SUCCESSIVE LAYERS-WASTE INTERMEDIATE COVER-SOIL . METHODS OF LANDFILLING. RAMP METHOD : FOR SLOPING SURFACE

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LANDFILLS

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  1. LANDFILLS ENVM 644: New Technologies in Environmental Management Dr. Robert Beauchamp

  2. METHODS OF LANDFILLING • AREA METHOD: • EXCAVATION - FLAT SURFACE • COMPACTION/LINER • SUCCESSIVE LAYERS-WASTE • INTERMEDIATE COVER-SOIL

  3. METHODS OF LANDFILLING • RAMP METHOD: • FOR SLOPING SURFACE • EXCAVATE WORKING FACE • COMPACTION & COVER WITH SOIL

  4. METHODS OF LANDFILLING • TRENCH METHOD: • EXCAVATE PARALLEL TRENCHES/NO LINER • CONSTRUCT BERMS • TRENCHES PERPENDICULAR TO WIND DIRECTION • COVER WITH SOIL

  5. LANDFILL CAPACITY/AIR SPACE • CAPACITY: • CONSIDERATIONS-AREA TO BE COVERED, DEPTH OF WASTE, RATIO OF WASTE TO SOIL. • RATIO OF 4 TO 1 IS BEST. • AIR SPACE: • THE VOLUME AVAILABLE INTO WHICH WASTE AND COVER CAN BE PLACED.

  6. DISADVANTAGES OF A SANITARY LANDFILL: • AESTHETICS (LITTER) • GASES • LEACHATE • BIRDS • FIRES • ODORS • PESTS • INJURY FROM SCAVENGING.

  7. GAS CONTROL • > 5% = EXPLOSIVE • METHANE KILLS VEGETATION • GAS MIGRATION FOLLOWS PATH OF LEAST RESISTANCE. • BAROMETRIC PRESSURE EFFECTS. • SOIL EFFECTS

  8. GAS RECOVERY SYSTEMS • PASSIVE VENTS • TRENCHES OR GAS VENTED TO ATMOSPHERE. • ACTIVE SYSTEM • REMOVES GAS UNDER VACUUM FROM LANDFILL.

  9. CONTROL GAS MIGRATION • INSTALL RECOVERY WELLS NEAR LANDFILL PERIMETER. • IF METHANE CONCENTRATION > 15% WILL SUPPORT FLAME, GAS CAN BE FLARED • METHANE CONCENTRATION > 35% - RECOVER ENERGY. • NOTE: ANY TRACE CONTAMINANTS CAN BE CAPTURED BY PASSING GAS THROUGH A CARBON FILTER.

  10. LEACHATE CONTROL • WATER PASSING THROUGHWASTE CREATES LEACHATE. • LEACHATE GENERATION: • RATES = AMOUNT OF H2O IN = AMOUNT OF LEACHATE OUT (LAG). • INFLUENCED BY: • CLIMATE • SITE TOPO • VEGETATIVE COVER • FINAL SOIL COVER • OPERATING PROCEDURES

  11. PREDICTING LEACHATE PRODUCTION RATES • PROCEDURE: • CALCULATE A WATER BALANCE • HELP MODEL - CALCULATES A WATER BALANCE- • SIMULATES WATER MOVEMENT.

  12. PREVENTING LEACHATE MOVEMENT INTO UNDERLYING SOIL • REGULATORY AGENCIES REQUIRE LINER TO HAVE A PERMEABILITY < 10-7 CM/SEC.

  13. LEACHATE REMOVAL • = OR > 1 FOOT OF LEACHATE • COLLECTION PIPES TO A STORAGE TANK & REMOVAL.

  14. LEACHATE TREATMENT OPTIONS •  RECYCLING THROUGH THE LANDFILL • ON-SITE TREATMENT • DISCHARGE TO A SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT. • COMBINATION OF APPROACHES

  15. BIOREACTIVE LANDFILL • REQUIRES SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT & OPERATIOAL ACTIVITIES. • ENHANCE MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION: • LIQUID ADDITION (LEACHATE IS NOT ENOUGH) • WASTE SHREDDING • pH ADJUSTMENT • NUTRIENT ADDITION • TEMPERATURE MANAGEMENT • WASTE CONDITIONING • AN EXTENTION OF SUBTITLE D LEACHATE-RECIRCULATION OPTION.

  16. BIOREACTOR LANDFILL • EXPERIENCE LFG GENERATION (HIGH RATE SOON AFTER CLOSURE). THEN DECLINES. • CONTAMINATED LEACHATE WILL ALSO DECLINE. • EXTENDED STABILIZATION. • LANDFILL SETTLEMENT (FAST/MORE COMPLETE) • VERY FEW STATES ALLOW THEM

  17. RCRA SUBTITLE D DESIGN • LINER • LEACHET COLLECTION (PLUMBING MAY BE VERY ELABORATE) • GAS COLLECTION (LARGE PIPES, BLOWERS-CONTROL ODORS) • FINAL CAP

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