Discussion of Freedoms

1. Discussion of Freedoms Foner Chapter 6

2. Essential Questions: • What changes occurred due to the Revolution? (Impact) • To what degree was the Revolution a radical one? (In what ways…) SocialPoliticalEconomicIntellectual To what degree do state government reflect the ideals of the revolution?

3. Freedom - Economic “free labor” replaces indenture & apprenticeship (not republican) Greater contrast – slavery & freedom Emphasis on equality (of opportunity) Land = access to opportunity and freedom Smith- The Wealth of Nations – “invisible hand” – capitalist base of US Two visions of economic freedom – public welfare or individual rights (and best way to achieve)

4. Freedom - Religious Separation of church and state Free exercise – both idea in First Amendment Religion still seen as needed for public morality & virtue – Christianity favored Religious pluralism and diversity becomes the pattern

5. Freedom - Indians Loss of BOP ability, loss of land, loss of independence and culture Freedom came to mean protection of land, culture and independence In NW Ordinance – land not taken w/o consent – but …… No citizenship Nations and treaty system = method to take land Assimilation goal – Five Civilized tribes Battle of Fallen Timbers; Treaty of Greenville 1795

6. Freedom – African Americans Ideas of universal rights – freedoms – D of I Freedom petitions – Quok Walker case Free black communities Gradual emancipation - neonatal emancipation Some states gave right to political participation “citizens of color” Constitution – “other persons” (later Dred Scott Case)

10. Freedom – Loyalists Represented all classes – 20-25% - revealed class tensions Feared anarchy and disorder Land confiscated – not compensated postwar (elites generally purchased) 100,000-110,000 left Pattern – freedom of expression – speech/press limited during crisis period ( new internal enemies)

11. Republican Principles:Political Innovations/Changes Increased role for legislature; decreased power of executive Written constitutions w/ Bill of Rights Separation of powers Decreased property qualifications to vote More balanced representation of the backcountry in legislatures Amending process

12. Republican Principles:Social Innovations/Changes • No aristocracy – merit, egalitarianism • Separation of church and state • Anti-slavery movement begins – Quok Walker case • Women’s education and literacy; some legal rights – “Republican Motherhood” • Sense of opportunity economically • Sense of right to political participation • First labor organizations and major strikes - class

13. Limitations: • African Americans – tension between liberty and equality • Property critical – gain status, wealth • Propertyless = dangerous; thus free propertyless blacks = danger to white liberty • Limitations on importation of slaves both N and S • By 1800 gradual or immediate abolition of slavery in the N • Slavery no longer national institution – becomes southern institution –”peculiar” • Intensified sectional developments and differences