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TITLE: DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIES FOR THE REUSE OF CATHODE RAY TUBES PROGRAM: INTERREG III C SUR

TITLE: DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIES FOR THE REUSE OF CATHODE RAY TUBES PROGRAM: INTERREG III C SUR. DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIES FOR THE REUSE OF CRTs. INDEX. 1- ECO-TV PROJECT , BACKGROUND 2- ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO CRTs. 3- GENERAL DATES 4- STRATEGIES FRONT NEW TECHNOLOGIES

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TITLE: DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIES FOR THE REUSE OF CATHODE RAY TUBES PROGRAM: INTERREG III C SUR

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  1. TITLE: DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIES FOR THE REUSE OF CATHODE RAY TUBES PROGRAM: INTERREG III C SUR

  2. DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIES FOR THE REUSE OF CRTs INDEX 1- ECO-TV PROJECT , BACKGROUND 2- ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO CRTs. 3- GENERAL DATES 4- STRATEGIES FRONT NEW TECHNOLOGIES 5- DETERMINING FACTORS RELATED TO DUMPING AND RECICLING CRTs. 6- OPEN- LOOP APPLICATIONS FOR END OF LIFE OF CATHODE-RAY TUBES GLASS IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS.

  3. 1- ECO-TVPROJECT BACKGROUND Due to the rate of discarded computer monitors and TV screens based in CRT’s technologies have to be disposed in landfill soils. Causes The rapid adoption of new technologies, CRTs growing popularity of LCD & Plasma-TVs. Drop in market of this devices and the features that the new technologies offers In Consequence The increasing rate of PC screens and TVs out of work to be management as a waste material and the lack of management systems. Environmental legislation: for waste electrical and electronic equipment devices. REAL DECRETO 208/2005. • It must be complied the selective collection of CRTs. • The main priority for its treatment is its reutilization. ECO-TV PROJECT

  4. 2- ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO CRTs. Conventional television (CRT) Cathode ray tube High toxic materials Glass Contains: lead, barium and strontium. Environmental conclusions • Actually glass is not recovered from this materials. • That devices have to be disposed in landfill soils. • Raw materials lose.

  5. 3- PROJECT DATA Key data. Objective: DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIES FOR THE REUSE OF CATHODE RAY TUBES Total budget: 51.967 Euros Community contribution Perspective program : 78% Duration: 13 Months. European Project ( Spain, Hungary) Partners Project leader: VALENCIA PROVINCIAL COUNCIL. Technological partner: AIDICO Instituto Tecnológico de la Construcción. European partner: E-misszió ( Asociación sin animo de lucro instalada en Hungría destinada a la promoción de iniciativas ambientales). Environmental benefits Reduce on contaminant dumping Reduce on the consumption of raw materials (silica sand…) Valuable market for stock in landfill sites Waste product into resource. Added Value

  6. 4. STRATEGIES FRONT NEW TECHNOLOGIES PC Monitor Analogical TV New Market For Raw materials * *Electronics Recycling Demonstration Project, Minnesota 2000. Tony Hainault et al.

  7. 5. DETERMINING FACTORS RELATED TO DUMPING AND RECYCLING THE CRTS OR CATHODE RAY TUBES DEVICES WERE DEVELOPED IN THE 40S, THEY ARE THE MAIN COMPONENT IN MONITOR AND TVS SETS AND ALLOW TO SEE THE IIMAGE. Table 1. Glass Composition in weight (%) Glass Screen. CRTs front part. The CRTs last models had changed lead for SrO y BaO Glass Funnel. The Backside of CRTs, it has the bigger lead content Neck Glass (contains lead). Figure 2. Anatomy of CRTs* *Characterization of Lead Leachability from Cathode Ray Tubes Using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure. Timothy G. Townsend. University of Florida, 1999.

  8. 6. OPEN- LOOP APPLICATIONS. OPEN-LOOP APPLICATIONS FOR CRTs IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS Ceramic based Materials Insulation materials Polymer based Materials Cement based Materials Geopolymeric source

  9. CERAMIC BASED MATERIALS 1025ºC 1065ºC 1080ºC Silica based ceramicssilica glass also can introduce a radical change in the ceramic technology and in the development of low temperature ceramic products Clay. Ceramic paste Degreaser agents Flux agents Talc… *Figure 3. Colour comparison between three sets of briquettes (0, 5% 10% CRT glass fired to 1080ºC *Table 2 . Physical properties for the briquettes developed *Figure 4. Optimum firing temperatures to attain the desired properties *Adapted from CERAM, del Project: Materials Recovery From waste Cathode Ray tubes (CRTs) 2002-2004. The Waste & Resources Action Programme. ISBN: 1-84405-077-7. Link: www.wrap.org.uk

  10. CERAMIC BASED MATERIALS • CRT glass in glazes. CRT panel glass cullet contains barium, strontium and zirconium oxides, components that are often added to glazes bacuse of their positive effect on glaze quality. *Table 3. Glaze properties *Table 4. Leaching of heavy metals, ISO 7086 test (glazes containing 14.5% CRT (in weight)). *Products glazed with coloured versions of this base glaze with 95% of EOL CRT colour panel glass . PC+ 5% pigment TV + 5% pigment MIX+ 5% pigment *Adapted from L A R. Siikamäki. Glaze For low-Fired Ceramics From End-Of-Life Cathode-Ray Tube Glass. Glass Waste, ed. Mukesh C. Limbachiya, John J. Roberts. Thomas Telford Publishing, Kingston 2004. pp.281-289.

  11. INSULATION MATERIALS FOAM-GLASS SYNTESIS CRT GLASS PbO Foaming agents TiN o SiC 750-900ºC N2, CO2 , O2 SiO2 Pb Gas bubbles, due to oxidation reaction

  12. INSULATION MATERIALS FOAM-GLASS related Bibliography • François Méar, P Yot et al. “Characterisation of porous glasses prepared from Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)”. Powder technology Vol 162, pp 59-63. (2006). • François Méar, P Yot et al. “ Effects of temperature, reaction tiem and reducing agent content on the synthesis of macroporous foam glasses”. Materials letters Vol.60, pp. 929-934. (2006). • François Méar, P Yot et al. “Mechanical behaviour and thermal and electriacla properties of foam glass”. Ceramics international Vol.33, pp 543-550. (2007). • F. Méar, P.Yot et al. “The changes in lead silicate glasses induced by addition of a reducing agent (TiN or SiC). Journal of Non-Cristalline Solids. Vol. 351, pp 3314-3319. (2005). • G. Bruasatin, E. Bernardo, G. Scarinci. “Production of Foam Glass From Glass Waste”. Glass Waste, ed. Mukesh C. Limbachiya, John J. Roberts. Thomas Telford Publishing, Kingston 2004. Pp68-81. EUROPEAN PRODUCERS of Foam Glass, related* • Furnace at Hasopor, Norway. • Millcell, Switzerland *Adapted from CERAM, del Project: Materials Recovery From waste Cathode Ray tubes (CRTs) 2002-2004. The Waste & Resources Action Programme. ISBN: 1-84405-077-7. Link: www.wrap.org.uk

  13. POLYMER BASED MATERIALS Polymer based materials. COMPOSITES CRT GLASS Activator Catalyser Polyester resin POLYMER COAT *Figure 5. Artificial stone picture. PETRART **Table 5. Some Properties of covers developed in REVIHOR *Girbés I. Adapted de PETRART, Proyecto: Desarrollo de nuevos acabados en productos de piedra artificial para la obtención de revestimientos de uso exterior e interior. EXP; IMIDTA/2004/187. AIDICO **Rodríguez MJ. & Girbés I. Adapted de REVIHOR, Proyecto: Reutilización de residuos de vidrio como puzolana en prefabricados de hormigón. OCYT 2003. AIDICO

  14. MATERIALES EN BASE CEMENTO CEMENT BASED MATERIALS Filler or Lightweight Aggregate for Concrete,open a reliable and economically viable alternative for high-tech applications in structural concretes *Girbés I. Adapted de REVIHOR, Proyecto: Reutilización de residuos de vidrio como puzolana en prefabricados de hormigón. OCYT 2003. AIDICO. ** Adapted de Morrison C. “Reuse of CRT Glass as Aggregate in Concrete”. Glass Waste, ed. Mukesh C. Limbachiya, Jhon J. Roberts. Thomas Telford Publishing, Kingston 2004. pp. 91-98.

  15. SOURCE OF GEOPOLYMERS SOURCE OF GEOPOLYMERS • This objective requires deep research in the alkali activation processes of silica based pozzolans yielding special high durable and compact concrete. Low energy consumption • . Low environmental impact • . Fig 8. Glass activation after initial treatment with alkaline solution NaOH 6.4M. *Beleña I. & Girbés I. Adaptado de REVIHOR, Project: Reutilización de residuos de vidrio como puzolana en prefabricados de hormigón. OCYT 2003. AIDICO

  16. Thank for your attention Contacts; Isabel Girbés Clari, Ph.D. Hydraulic Binders area e-mail: isabel.girbes@aidico.es Javier Ferrer Roig. Valencia Provincial Council. e-mail: javier.ferrer@dva.gva.es Zoltán Kurtán E-misszió Environmental Association E-mail: zoltan.kurtan@dbh-group.com

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