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INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY. Zhou Qiujun Private email: zhouqiujun@gmail.com Public email: ggll_sz@163.com. Contents. INTRODUCTION METHODS FOR STUDYING INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY REALISM LIBERALISM CONSTRUCTIVISM THE ENGLISH SCHOOL CRITICAL THEORIES OF WORLD POLITICS

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INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY

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  1. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY Zhou Qiujun Private email: zhouqiujun@gmail.com Public email: ggll_sz@163.com

  2. Contents • INTRODUCTION • METHODS FOR STUDYING INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY • REALISM • LIBERALISM • CONSTRUCTIVISM • THE ENGLISH SCHOOL • CRITICAL THEORIES OF WORLD POLITICS • INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY AND GLOBALIZATION

  3. Chapter 7 Critical theories • Marxist Theory • Feminism • Post-modernism • Green Theory ……

  4. Marxist Theory • M~ represents the left-wing voice, a new analytical framework • Key words: class, economic relationship, international justice, equality, internationalism • New trends

  5. Feminism • Simone de Beauvoir(西蒙娜·德·波伏娃)(1908.1.9-1986.4.14), The Second Sex. One is not born a woman, but becomes one. It is the (social) construction of Woman as the quintessential Other that is fundamental to women's oppression. • Origin of Feminism in IRT: late 1980s (≈Constructivism), it was the consequence of the Feminist theories in other disciplines getting involved in IRT. It gives us a new perspective to view the mainstream theories and practices in international relations. • Key words: gender, masculinity, femininity

  6. Evolution: [1st decade] Criticize the IRT without women, revealing the masculinity embedded in the mainstream theories while adding femininity into them. [2nd decade] Debates and dialogues with the mainstream theories with the perspective of feminism, trying to construct a comprehensive research agenda. • Main ideas

  7. Post-modernism • Reality is created by the ways that we think and by our discourse (writing, talking) about our world. “postmodernism seeks to understand how…the way we think about the world and our place in it, impose[s] limits on us, and how we might be able to resist and eventually transgress those limits.” • Background: 出现于1960年代的法国,最初渗透于西方文学批评、艺术、建筑、绘画等领域。自从1970年代以来,后现代主义写作和阅读开始触及并延伸到哲学、政治学、音乐、电影、社会学、地理学、发展研究等社会科学与人文学科领域。1980年代中期开始介入国际关系学。

  8. Mains Features: • 具有否定和抵制的力量。它否定现代主义的知识体系,谋求打破由现代主义所确立起来的种种界限。 • 对现代主义予以否定和拒绝的同时,对社会的广泛问题给予关注,谋求解放被压抑者的声音。关注如何建立一个后现代社会及其规则、规范、标准等。 • 反映时代的变化。世界进入了一个通讯、交通、贸易等高速发展的时代,在这种情况下,没有“最好的解释”,所有的解释同样具有意义。应淡化学科之间的传统界线;提倡研究成果相互借鉴和利用。

  9. Key words: • 解构( deconstruction) 雅克·德里达(Jacques Derrida)强调符号的意义存在于差异关系中。每一种表现人类经历的知识结构都是通过采取排斥他者的方式而构成并得到维持的。西方思想体系建立在一种二元结构基础之上,譬如左翼/右翼、言语/写作、客体/主体、男人/女人、自然/文化、我们/他们、认同/差异、物质/精神等。一方(前者)被认为是处于核心的、占主导的地位,另一方(后者)被认为是次要的、处于边缘位置的。此外,占主导地位的东西往往以自我为中心,而且具有排他性质。整个西方思想体系便是建立在核心观念基础之上的东西。这类排他性的结构成为一种压迫者和控制者。 • 互为文本( intertexuality) 整个世界乃是一种文本,所有的文本都具有多种含义,且这些含义并不是固定地存在于文本之中,而是通过“文本之间的相互联系”体现出来。P~反对依赖所谓“理性”或“逻辑”的分析,提倡文本诠释。

  10. 系谱学(genealogy) 米歇尔·福柯(Michel Foucault)通过对话语的历史研究,揭示权力/知识之间的关系,通过考察某个特定知识领域的话语及知识的演变,理解权力是如何运行的。话语是一类知识系统,这些知识系统包含着相应的社会及政府机构的术语,它们构成了现代社会的权力部分。强调描述话语及知识形成的过程、实践、工具、所涉及的制度以及它们的权力作用。它不仅要说明制造话语的过程,而且还想揭示一定的话语在实践过程中如何得到来自公共机构、社会精英、立法以及经济等方面的支撑,包括话语的技术化、制度化和官僚化,通过对历史的探索,揭示现代社会中有关权力和知识的性质以及它们之间的相互构成性关系。

  11. Green Theory 绿色理论(Green Theory)关注传统国关理论所忽视与边缘化的个人或国家以外的社群,如原住民、生态学家、消费者、绿色政党、NGO等,原则上都是强调人与自然间的调和,人与环境的关系,从以人为本思想延伸,环境议题,跨国安全。 http://www2.tku.edu.tw/~tkjour/paper/32/32-3%20fulltext.pdf

  12. Q & A

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