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Chapter 28

Chapter 28. Politics and Economics. Section 1 - The Nixon Administration. 1968 election - Richard Nixon (Rep.) v. Hubert Humphrey (Dem.) and George Wallace (Ind) - wanted segregation in the deep south Spiro Agnew - Gov. of Maryland , becomes Nixon’s VP

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Chapter 28

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  1. Chapter 28 Politics and Economics

  2. Section 1 - The Nixon Administration • 1968 election - Richard Nixon (Rep.) v. Hubert Humphrey (Dem.) and George Wallace (Ind) - wanted segregation in the deep south • Spiro Agnew - Gov. of Maryland , becomes Nixon’s VP • Warren Burger - conservative judge, appointed by Nixon • Upheld the death penalty , limited the rights of criminals • ELECTION

  3. Section 1 • New Federalism - gave more power to states and local Gov. • Revenue sharing - provided states with federal funds • President - Republican • House and Senate - Democrat • Nixon tried to get more Executive (Presidential ) power • Impounded - refused to release funds passed by Congress

  4. More on Sect. 1 • AFDC - Aid to Families with Dependent Children - critics said it gave aid instead of encouraging jobs • States had too much control • Domestic affairs - within the U.S. - Nixon was poor • Foreign affairs - outside the U.S. - Nixon’s passion • Henry Kissinger - National Security Advisor, Vietnamization • Better relations with Communist countries (USSR and China) • Détente - relaxation of tensions between China, USSR and U.S.

  5. End of Sect. 1 • After WWII China was communist under Mao Tse Tung • Nationalists fled to Taiwan - under Chaing Ke Shek • U.S. only recognizes the nationalists in Taiwan, until Nixon • Nixon was the 1st President to visit China since communist control (1972) • Moscow, U.S.S.R. (Nixon and Brezhnev, 1972) • Signed SALT - Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty - limited nuclear weapons and increased trade

  6. Section 2 - Watergate • Watergate - Nixon administration attempt to cover up a break-in at Watergate, a hotel that was headquarters for the Democratic Committee • Nixon - created an enemies list while President • 1972 election - George Wallace didn’t mount a campaign because an assassins bullet had paralyzed him • Nixon v George McGovern

  7. Sect. 2 cont • Nixon - popular in the way he dealt with China and the USSR • Unpopular - Vietnam and domestic affairs • Nixon was paranoid and started spying on the democrats • June 17, 1972 - 5 men were busted breaking into Watergate (Democratic headquarters) • James McCord - one of the burglars - ex CIA and member of CRP (committee to re-elect the President) • Washington Post - kept the story alive • Reporters - Woodward and Bernstein

  8. Watergate hearings • Judge John Sirica • Senates Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities - set up by Senator Sam Ervin • John Dean - council to President Nixon, testified on Nixon involvement, said John Mitchell (Nixon’s Attorney General) ordered the break - in • Alexander Butterfield - Nixon’s aid - told them there were tapes of conversations in the Oval Office • Sirica Ervin Dean Mitchell Butterfield

  9. Watergate - cont. • Nixon doesn’t want to give up the tapes so he claims Executive Privilege • Archibald Cox - special prosecutor for Watergate, asks for the tapes • Saturday night massacre - orders 3 different people to fire Cox • Finally Robert Bork does it, Leon Jaworski becomes new prosecutor • V.P. - Spiro Agnew resigns for other illegal activities, so Gerald Ford becomes the V.P. and eventually the new President after Nixon’s resignation • Cox Bork Jaworski Agnew Ford

  10. End of Watergate • House Judiciary votes to impeach President Nixon • Reasons: • 1. Obstruction of Justice - wouldn’t give up the tapes • 2. Cover - Up - ordering people to be fired for wanting the tapes and the truth • 3. Misuse of Federal Agencies - ordering the CIA to help in the cover up • Aug. 9, 1974 --Nixon resigns before the Senate removes him from office • Tapes prove the cover up

  11. Section 3 - Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter • 1950’s and 60’s - good times economically because: • 1. Good access to raw materials around the world • 2. Strong manufacturing at home • 1970’s the above conditions began to disappear • LBJ got us in trouble with deficit spending for Vietnam, without raising taxes • This caused too much money in the economy or INFLATION - rise in the cost of goods

  12. Sect. 3 cont. • U.S. is the largest consumer of OIL in the world • OPEC - Organization of Petroleum Exporting countries • Many conflicts in the Middle East - about oil and religion • 1973 - Yom - Kipper War (Israel v Arab countries • OPEC decides to embargo (stop shipping) oil to countries that helped Israel, this includes the U.S. • Only lasted a few months but hurt the economy • Crude oil went from $3 a barrel (1973) to $30 a barrel (1980)

  13. Sect. 3 cont • Loss of manufacturing jobs due to foreign competition (out sourcing) • Stagflation - rising prices and economic stagnation (flat) • Gerald Ford - pardons Nixon • Helsinki Accords • 1. Recognized Eastern borders in Europe • 2. Soviets would follow Human rights • Proposed WIN - whip inflation now - each person was to cut back on energy use

  14. Jimmy Carter • 1976 election Ford (Rep.) v Jimmy Carter (Dem.) - Carter is elected Andrew Young - 1st African American Ambassador to the U.N. Gave the Panama Canal back to Panama (1999) Camp David Accords - peace talks between Israel and Egypt • Started Department of Energy

  15. Conflict in Iran • The Shah(leader) of Iran was ousted from power by the revolutionaries of Iran • Shah had to flee to the U.S. • Ayatollah Khomeini was the new leader • Iran revolutionaries stormed the Embassy in Iran and took 52 Americans hostages • Held for 444 days • Helicopter went down trying to rescue them • Carter didn’t win re-election, maybe because of his inability to free the hostages

  16. Sect. 4 The “Me” Decade: 1970’s • Tom Wolfe - labeled the 1970’s the “me” decade • New Age Movement - fulfillment spiritually through different activities • Self - healing to creating a new world • New Fads: • Yoga, martial arts, chanting, “Zen” or enlightenment, reincarnation • New religions based on gurus - mystical leaders • Transcendental meditation - daily meditation, harmony and health

  17. Sect. 4 continued • TV of the 70’s - Mary Tyler Moore show, All in the Family - about a racist and his family, The Jeffersons, and Good Times • Music of the 70’s: soft rock and disco • Other Fads and fashions : • Personalized t-shirts, mood rings, CB radios, aerobic exercise

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