International Law

1. International Law Image source: http://www.dla.mil/dg/ Morality, Human Rights, and International Courts Chap 9

2. Image source: SJSU, justice department Terms • Legal systems constrain governments • Domestic = 14th ammendment • International = ? • Code based vs. precedent based • Morality • The questions of “right” vs. Might • Both act to limit power

3. Image source//aofg.blogs.com/the_airing_of_grievances/2004/09/ Legal Systems are Dynamic • Infancy stage (primitive) • Law may still be only theory (realist approach) • Early focus on war • Grotius (1583-1645): De Jure Belii et Pacis • WWII => just war theories: Michael Walzer • Success = • Functional Relations: trade, diplomacy, communications • Humanitarian, morals, ethics

4. Image source: Vassar College Theory • Positivist • Law reflects society and its desires • Naturalist • “inalienable” rights from nature • Locke: Two Treatises of Government • Ideological/Theological • St. Augustine on war; Islamic Sharia, Buddhist ideals

5. How Int’l Law is Made: • International Representative Assemblies • UN General Assembly • Judicial Decisions and Scholarly Writing • Stare decisis: precedent driven • Judicial review • International Court of Justice • International Custom • International Treaties • Jus gentium: codify (write down) • Pacta sunt servanda (treaties are to be served and carried out)

6. Adherence to Law • Enforcement • Central Authorities • Active engagement (peacekeepers) • Sanctions • Self-help (self-defense/sovereignty) • Compliance • Voluntary • Coercion

7. Adjudication of the Law • Efficacy • International Courts • Jurisdiction

8. Impact of ICJ