Chapter 1 BOT3015L Plant Biology Laboratory

1. Chapter 1BOT3015LPlant Biology Laboratory Presentation created by Danielle Sherdan and edited by Jean Burns-Moriuchi and William Outlaw All photos from Raven et al.Biology of Plants except when otherwise noted

2. "The affinities of all the beings of the same class have sometimes been represented by a great tree... As buds give rise by growth to fresh buds, and these if vigorous, branch out and overtop on all sides many a feebler branch, so by generation I believe it has been with the great Tree of Life, which fills with its dead and broken branches the crust of the earth, and covers the surface with its ever branching and beautiful ramifications." Charles Darwin, 1859 Notice also that there are branches that connect to other branches to represent endosymbiosis Scientifically supported relationships between the major groups of organisms Insects and Arthropods Vertebrates Plants Animals Fungi Prokaryotes (no photo) Nucleate cells Obscure root of the tree of life Tree of life project read more at www.tolweb.org

3. Today • Day-by-day syllabus review • Class policy • Science and maintaining a lab notebook • Plants are our sustenance • Crop investigations • Day-by-day syllabus review • Class policy • Science and maintaining a lab notebook • Plants are our sustenance • Crop investigations

4. Chapter 2Characteristics of plant cells and plant-cell division • Cellulosic cell walls • Plastids such as chloroplasts for oxygenic photosynthesis • Large vacuoles From Collin County Community College District BioLab Elodea leaf

5. Chapter 3Flowering plants From Outlaw lecture Evolution and function of floral parts and pollination

6. Chapter 4Seed and fruit dispersal Dandelions disperse by wind Coconuts disperse by water

7. Chapter 5Effects of plant hormones on plant growth A dwarf plant treated with gibberellin, a plant hormone Control, a dwarf plant

8. Chapter 6GerminationPrimary Growth Maize seed consists of seed coat containing the embryo and nutritive tissue Germinating maize seed

9. Chapter 7Experimenting with Guard cells Guard cells and stomata in the epidermis of Vicia faba Stomata closed Stomata open Photos from Outlaw’s lab and also featured on the cover of the scientific journal Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics in 2002

10. Chapter 8Data Analysis BOT3015L student work

11. Chapter 9Mycorrhizae Without fungi With fungi Pine tree seedlings

12. Chapter 10 Protists Colonial green algae Red algae

13. Chapter 11 Fungi Morel, one of many edible fungi Lichens are symbiotic relationships between fungi and green algae and/or cyanobacteria

14. Chapter 12Non-flowering plants bryophytes ferns gymnosperms Marchantia sp. liverwort Pinus sp. Matteuccia sp.

15. Today • Day-by-day syllabus review • Class policy • Science and maintaining a lab notebook • Plants are our sustenance • Crop investigations

16. Class Policy Lab notebook Pencil Textbook Lab manual Prerequisites Insurance Plagiarism Cheating Unauthorized group work Fabrication Falsification Misrepresentation Resubmission Required materials Attendance ADA Statement Academic Honor Policy Performance and Participation Safety Prior to each class: Read the lab materials Drawing list Review questions Protocols Grading Attendance and statement of understanding class policy

17. Today • Day-by-day syllabus review • Class policy • Science and maintaining a lab notebook • Plants are our sustenance • Crop investigations

18. The specimen What are your observations? How would you best record observations about this specimen? From Collin County Community College District BioLab Scientific Skills Keen observations are recorded

19. Example drawing Example drawing of a similar specimen From Collin County Community College District BioLab Student work, BOT3015 How does the drawing represent the specimen well? How could the drawing better represent the specimen? Record your observations accurately and thoroughly Record interpretations with drawings that emphasize important aspects

20. Observing specimens If your specimen has several cell types, draw a few cells of each type exactly as they appear and emphasize important information (e.g. cell-type distribution, patterns, cell variation, sections) with diagrammatic sketches and descriptions.

21. ****************************** 13 June 2005 Treatment of Brassica rapa plants with GA Time: 10:05 am _√__ Measure plant heights 1. _20_ mm 2. _40_ mm _√_ Apply 20 µl 100 µM GA to 1st leaf of plants 1, 2 and 3. ___ Apply 20 µl 10 µM GA to 1st leaf of plants 4, 5 and 6. ____ ……..etc.……. Notebook (left / right) Leave space in front for table of contents Left (thinking) Right (lab work) • Interpretations • Conclusions • Graphs • Ideas for future experiments • Answers to review questions and objectives • Observations • Solution preparation • Methods • Data collected during experiment

22. Scientific Skills Keen observations are recorded Problem-solving skills Good organizational skills

23. Today • Day-by-day syllabus review • Class policy • Science and maintaining a lab notebook • Plants are our sustenance • Effects of agriculture on animals • Effects of agriculture on plants • Crop investigations

24. Agriculture, the primary means of procuring food since ~10,000 years ago (less than 1% of human existence)

25. Human Population

26. MaizeCalled “Indian corn” to distinguish it from other Old World Grains, but in American English, the name has been shortened to simply “corn.” From Outlaw’s garden, BOT3015 lecture

27. Teosinte and Maize

28. Effects of selection on morphologyBrassica oleracea Publix Greenwise Aug. 2005

29. Crops of the Americas U.S. postal stamps

30. Today • Day-by-day syllabus review • Class policy • Science and maintaining a lab notebook • Plants are our sustenance • Crop investigations • Choose a crop • Research via text and computer • Presentations

32. World of Domesticated Crops