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METEOROLOGICAL USE OF HYDROGEN GAS SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS TO OBSERVE

METEOROLOGICAL USE OF HYDROGEN GAS SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS TO OBSERVE. SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS, GAS, INSTALLATION. Maintain permanently a good ventilation of the building which might receive hydrogen plant.

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METEOROLOGICAL USE OF HYDROGEN GAS SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS TO OBSERVE

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  1. METEOROLOGICAL USE OF HYDROGEN GAS SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS TO OBSERVE

  2. SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS, GAS, INSTALLATION • Maintain permanently a good ventilation of the building which might receive hydrogen plant. • The light fittings, switches and sockets installed in the hydrogen gas area shall be antideflagrating type and approved for hydrogen. • A 9Kg (minimum) powder type fire extinguisher shall be provided. • Instructions : "NO SMOKING" and "IT IS FORBIDDEN TO BRING IN FIRE UNDER WHATSOEVER FORM“ shall be displayed. • The room shall be used only for hydrogen production. • Access to the generator shall be prohibited to anyone non-authorized to operate it. • All parts in contact with oxygen gas must be degreased. • Never handling the caustic potash of the electrolyte solution without individual safety protection equipment.

  3. OUTSIDE AND INSIDE THE HYDROGEN BUILDING OUTSIDE AND INSIDE THE HYDROGEN BUILDING SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS TO DISPLAY

  4. OUTSIDE AND INSIDE THE HYDROGEN BUILDING OUTSIDE AND INSIDE THE HYDROGEN BUILDING SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS TO DISPLAY

  5. OUTSIDE AND INSIDE THE HYDROGEN BUILDING NEAR THE OXYGEN OUTPUT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS TO DISPLAY

  6. HYDROGEN GAS PROPERTIES FORMULA PARTICULARITIES • H2 • Colorless • Odorless • Flammable gas (invisible flame) • Non toxic gas FLAMMABILITY LIMITS IN AIR • Lower 4% • Upper 74,5% (à 20°C, 1 ATM.) FLAMMABILITY LIMITS IN OXYGEN • Lower 4% • Upper 74,5% (à 20°C, 1 ATM.) MINIMUM AUTO IGNITION TEMPERATURE • Air 570°C • Oxygen 560°C FLAME CHARACTERISTICS • Air Flame temperature 1.430°C Max .speed flame 2,65 m/s • Oxygen Flame temperature 2.830°C Max. speed flame 14,36 m/s

  7. RISKS DUE TO A HYDROGEN GAS PLANT • As for all gas installations, specific risks related to each installationhave to be known. • Principal danger sources about hydrogen plants are : • Gas inflammation in case of excess of warmth, sparks or flame • Risk of an « explosive » atmosphere in case of a hydrogen gas concentration higher than 4% • Gas auto ignition risk in case of a temperature higher than 500°C • Leakage risk due to the high fluidity of hydrogen gas and the difficulty of its detection • In case of inflammation, hydrogen gas is odorless, colorless and its flame is invisible.

  8. HARMFUL EFFECTS LINKED TO HABITUATION RISKS • As for all dangerous gas, it is absolutely necessary to stay extremely vigilant during the use of hydrogen gas. • Even if all employees in charge of the hydrogen plant are informed about the risks due to the hydrogen gas, employees become generally less vigilant after several years of experiment. This is due to a too big trust in the use of hydrogen gas and that trust is increasing with years. • The direct consequence of this kind of comportment brings harmful effects on the safety measures and on the conditions of hydrogen use, for example : -Risk to forget to wear antistatic clothes -Risk to forget to switch off its mobile phone during the filling of a balloon -Risk to open brutally or too quickly the hydrogen cock of the draw off panel -Risk to increase the hydrogen pressure of the draw off panel in order to « accelerate » the filling of the balloon, -Lack of vigilance : .During the hydrogen production (lack of daily verifications on the plant) .Where the balloon is filled

  9. SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS TO OBSERVE • It is imperative to respect the following safety instructions: • It is forbidden to smoke or to bring in fire under whatsoever form near the hydrogen production plant • The use of mobile phones is forbidden during the filling of a balloon • Eliminate all risks of sparks emission due to static electricity (friction of the balloon on a wall, brutal opening of the draw off panel cock, filling pressure too high) by connecting systematically all the metallic parts of the building to the ground, plus the filling table and the filling mantle (if this one is metallic) • Eliminate all the clothes able to create static electricity (Nylon, synthetic…). Wear if possible pure cotton clothes. • Check the presence of chalk in the balloon (inside and outside) before using it (chalk is an antistatic agent) • The filling pressure of a sounding balloon shall not exceed 2 bars • The balloon filling phase has to be done on a filling table in order to avoid all risks of friction

  10. SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS TO OBSERVE METEOROLOGICAL BALLOONS • STORAGE OF THE BALLOONS • In order to avoid an artificial ageing of the balloons that could bring a loss of elasticity or a loss of tightness, and then some balloons bursting or some gas leakages, following measures must be taken: • The balloons must be preserved inside their origin packing, in a dark room having a temperature between 10 and 20° C and a relative moisture close to 60%.In the worst case, the temperature of the room should not reach 35 ° C. • The balloons must be classified in the order of their manufacturing date to always use the older one first. • FILLING OF THE BALLOONS • Check the presence of chalk in the balloon (inside and outside) before using it (chalk is an antistatic agent) • The balloon filling phase has to be done on a filling table in order to avoid all risks of friction • The filling pressure of a sounding balloon shall not exceed 2 bars • The filling of the balloon has to be done slowly in order to avoid risk of hydrogen inflammation due to the static electricity created by the friction of the gas between the chalk particles. • The filling of the balloon has to be done 15mn before launching it. When the balloon is filled, avoid to expose it to sunlight. • In dry areas, it is highly recommended to connect the filling cock to the ground.

  11. INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CELLS REPROOF TEST • Periodical pressure proof tests every 5 years at 1.5 time the service pressure. • The proof test has to be witnessed by an expert from the competent National Department. • Proof test certificate shall be issued after the stamping of the cell. • Proof test has to be performed with a hydraulic pump. • Proof test has to be made in case of visible defects on the cell such as : • Notch or groove 5% deeper than the thickness of the cell, • Lamination (fold, overlap, entrapment, flaking of the metal), • Punch marks, collar not fixed, Grinding recess or suspect stain. • Systematic reject has to be decided in case of visible defects on the cell such as : • Projection on the surface of the cell visible to the naked eye, • Dent greater than 0.5% of the outside diameter of the cell, • Crack or tearing of metal, • Damage due to fire, • Arcing or blow torch damage. • Systematic reject of the cylinders has to be decided after 15 years of operation.

  12. FOR MORE INFORMATIONS PLEASE CONTACT SAGIM S.A. 35, RUE SCHEURER-KESTNER 42000 SAINT-ÉTIENNE (France) Tel. : + 334 77 92 20 00 Fax : + 334 77 74 71 09 contact@sagim-gip.com www.sagim-gip.com THANK YOU

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