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Chordates

Chordates. Vertebrate Animals. Vertebrate Classes. Jawless Fish (lamprey, hagfish) Cartilage Fish (sharks, rays…) Bony Fish (salmon, catfish, goldfish…) Amphibians (frogs, salamanders…) Reptiles (lizards, turtles…) Birds (sparrows, hawks…) Mammals (humans, whales, cats..). Lancelet.

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Chordates

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  1. Chordates Vertebrate Animals

  2. Vertebrate Classes • Jawless Fish (lamprey, hagfish) • Cartilage Fish (sharks, rays…) • Bony Fish (salmon, catfish, goldfish…) • Amphibians (frogs, salamanders…) • Reptiles (lizards, turtles…) • Birds (sparrows, hawks…) • Mammals (humans, whales, cats..)

  3. Lancelet

  4. What is a vertebrate? -Animals with a backbone(and endoskeleton) -Have spinal cord (dorsal, hollow nerve cord) -Front end of spinal cord develops a brain

  5. What are Fish? • * Anything with gills, scales, and fins… • 1st Fish were jawless • Devonian Period - "Age of Fishes“ Fossil of a devonian fish with jaws and armored plates

  6. B. FINS

  7. Other Fish Adaptations A. Swim Bladder – maintains buoyancy (like a balloon) Sharks do not have a swim bladder, if they stop swimming, they sink.

  8. AMPHIBIANS

  9. What is an amphibian? • Vertebrate • Leads a “double life” • Moist skin • Metamorphosis

  10. Evolution of Amphibians • Bones became stronger • Lungs to breath air • Limbs to walk on land Paleontologists have discovered fossils of a species that provides the missing evolutionary link between fish and the first animals that walked out of water onto land about 375 million years ago. The newly found species, Tiktaalikroseae, has a skull, a neck, ribs and parts of the limbs that are similar to four-legged animals known as tetrapods, as well as fish-like features such as a primitive jaw, fins and scales.

  11. METAMORPHOSIS Series of changes that occur as an organism grows

  12. Amphibian Groups Kingdom Animalia …..Phylum Chordata ……...Subphylum Vertebrata ………….Class Amphibia Order Urodela Order Anura Order Apoda

  13. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/117744/Representative-amphibianshttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/117744/Representative-amphibians

  14. REPTILES

  15. Sphenodonta Order Testudines

  16. Characteristics of Reptiles 1. Strong, bony skeletons and feet with claws2. Ectothermic (cold-blooded)3. Dry scaley skin4. Amniote eggs5. Respiration with lungs6. Ventricle partially divided7. Internal fertilization

  17. The Amniote Egg Contains a water and food supply for the embryo and can be laid on land. Must be fertilized internally, has a shell Snakes Hatching

  18. Types of Reptiles 4 Main Groups (ORDERS) Crocodilia = crocodiles, alligators Testudines = turtles and tortoises Sphenodonta = tuatara Squamata = lizards,  snakes ( largest group )

  19. Order Sphenodonta Only found in New Zealand, they have no external ears and a 3rd eye

  20. Order Testudines

  21. Tortoises usually live on the land, turtles in the water

  22. What's this famous turtle's name?

  23. Snapping turtles can be very aggressive

  24. The top of a turtle's shell is the carapace, the bottom is the plastron Is this a turtle or a tortoise?

  25. Order Crocodilia

  26. Alligators only show their upper teeth when their mouth is closed, and their snouts are rounder (u-shaped) Alligators are found mainly in North and South America and only live in freshwater

  27. Extinct Reptiles

  28. 31-2 Birds *Ornithology is the study of birds

  29. Characteristics 1. Forelimbs modified into wings 2. Feathers 3. Hollow, lightweight bones 4. Endothermic 5. Efficient respiration 6. Heart with a completely divided ventricle (4 chambers) 7. Scaley feet (birds are related to reptiles) 8. Furculum (wishbone)

  30. Evolution of Birds (from reptiles) • Archaeopteryx - “ancient wing” • Reptile like - Had teeth, bony tail, claws on wings • Bird like = Had feathers, & fused collarbone (wishbone)

  31. Adaptations for flight: • Efficient digestive, respiratory, and circulatory systems • Aerodynamic feathers and wings • Strong, lightweight bones • Strong chest muscles

  32. Movement Forelimbs modified for flight = wings Collarbones are fused making a strong base for flight muscles - fused bone is the furculum

  33. Many baby birds are born helpless and without feathers. These baby birds require lots of care from their parents.

  34. Some babies hatch with feathers and can follow their mom around, swim and eat on their own.

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