1 / 37

Qazi Kholiquzzaman Ahmad Chairman, Bangladesh Unnayan Parishad (BUP)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA. Qazi Kholiquzzaman Ahmad Chairman, Bangladesh Unnayan Parishad (BUP) President, Bangladesh Economic Association (BEA).

levana
Download Presentation

Qazi Kholiquzzaman Ahmad Chairman, Bangladesh Unnayan Parishad (BUP)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA Qazi Kholiquzzaman Ahmad Chairman, Bangladesh Unnayan Parishad (BUP) President, Bangladesh Economic Association (BEA) Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  2. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • Sustainable development is now widely agreed to imply: a coordinated promotion of economic, social, and ecological objectives, involving all segments of population • These three basic pillars are entwined and are mutually influenced through a complex of feed-back relationships • Constructing Sustainable Development Pathway Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  3. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • Sustainable development pathway, can, therefore, be constructed through an integrated approach, involving key elements of the three pillars • Constructing Sustainable Development Pathway (contd.) Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  4. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • It is, therefore, essential that for sustainable development (economic and social) and climate change communities • Constructing Sustainable Development Pathway (contd.) • Work together • Appreciate the importance of inter-linkages and collectively formulate policies and processes Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  5. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • The political process has also to be sensitized and supportive because it is the political process that creates the policy environment, institutional support, and financing arrangement directly as well as through private sectors by the appropriate incentives • Constructing Sustainable Development Pathway (contd.) Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  6. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • Sustainable Development in South Asia: Challenges Faced, even without Climate Change (CC) • SAARC countries (except the newly admitted Afghanistan) contain a total population of 1.4 billion, about 22 per cent of the world total Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  7. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • But, its landmass is only 3.4 per cent of the world landmass • Between 400 and 500 million people are below national poverty lines, accounting for about one-third of the total population of the region and about 40 per cent of the world’s total poor population • Sustainable Development in South Asia: Challenges Faced, even without CC (contd.) Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  8. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • Population growth rates are still high in the region, which are Bangladesh (1.7%) India (1.4%), Maldives (2.4%), Pakistan (2.0), Sri Lanka (0.7%) • Efforts are afoot to reduce population growth rate in each country, but still a long way to go before a stabilization can be reached • Sustainable Development in South Asia: Challenges Faced, even without CC (contd.) Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  9. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • The countries of the region are achieving reasonable or even high economic growth rate, but, disparity has been increasing, given that the poor do not get their equitable shares • Sustainable Development in South Asia: Challenges Faced, even without CC (contd.) Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  10. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • According to the latest available data (Circa 2000), the national income share of the poorest 10 per cent in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka from 3.4 per cent to 3.9 per cent, while that of the richest 10 per cent varies from 27 per cent to 29 per cent • Sustainable Development in South Asia: Challenges Faced, even without CC (contd.) Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  11. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • The situation has in fact worsened since 2000 • The poor are severely disadvantaged because of extremely low human capability (education, training, and health) • Sustainable Development in South Asia: Challenges Faced, even without CC (contd.) Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  12. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • The poor suffer from extremely limited access to resources (land, capital, environmental facilities) and from political and social marginalization • Moreover, there are severe gender inequalities • Sustainable Development in South Asia: Challenges Faced, even without CC (contd.) Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  13. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • Clearly, therefore, a lot needs to be done to create a cohesive socio-economic-political environment, involving all segments of society • Sustainable Development in South Asia: Challenges Faced, even without CC (contd.) Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  14. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • While there are sustainability problems in relation to economic and social development, environmental degradation also continues unabated. As a result, the natural base of economic growth is severely threatened • Sustainable Development in South Asia: Challenges Faced, even without CC (contd.) Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  15. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • Severe stresses are, therefore, faced by the South Asian countries in relation to all aspects (economic, social, environmental) of sustainable development • Sustainable Development in South Asia: Challenges Faced, even without CC (contd.) Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  16. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • In the Wake of Climate Change • Sustainable Development in South Asia: Challenges Faced, even without CC (contd.) • Climate change generally renders the natural systems increasingly fragile and degrades the conditions in which human systems operate Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  17. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • When climate change is superimposed on the persisting, even accentuating social, economic, and environmental problems faced, the way forward is extremely complex and difficult • Sustainable Development in South Asia: Challenges Faced, even without CC (contd.) • In the Wake of Climate Change (contd.) Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  18. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • In order to get through the interlinked deficits and stresses, a multi-pronged integrated approach is necessary to make progress towards sustainable development • Sustainable Development in South Asia: Challenges Faced, even without CC (contd.) • In the Wake of Climate Change (contd.) Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  19. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • WE NOW EXPLORE • The linkages between community approaches to disaster (flood) management on the one hand and sustainable development in general and climate change adaptation in particular, on the other - based on a pilot study conducted in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal on Community Approaches to Flood Management (CAFM) during 2002-2005 Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  20. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • Community Approaches to Flood Management (CAFM) in South Asia • The CAFM pilot project has been implemented, with support from WMO/GWP APFM, by • Bangladesh Unnayan Parishad (BUP), Dhaka (two flood-prone locations) • Institute for Resource management and Economic Development (IRMED), New Delhi (three flood-prone locations) • Jalstrot Vikas Sanstha (JVS), Kathmandu (two flood-prone locations) * BUP is the coordinating organization Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  21. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • CAFM in South Asia (contd.) • The Purposes • Avoiding flood risks through awareness building and community preparedness. • Reducing losses and damages at the grassroots (household, public institutions, infrastructure) Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  22. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • The Purposes (contd.) • Capacity building of the communities to face flood more effectively • Facilitating the access of the communities to organized services from relevant agencies (local government, CBOs/NGOs, agencies of the central state government) Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  23. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • Seeking to enhance congruence of micro-level action with macro policies (for policy, institutional, and resource support) • Continuous education and capacity enhancement • The purposes (contd.) Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  24. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • CAFM in South Asia (contd.) • Field Work and Flood Management Manual Development • Data and information have been collected through • Field visits/focus group discussions (FGDs) • Participatory rural appraisals (PRAs) • Key informants interviews Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  25. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • Based on data and information collected and insights gathered • Main flood-related problems faced by the communities were identified • The ways the people themselves address the problems identified • Using the outcomes of these analyses and further discussions, as required, with the communities, Flood management Manual (FMM) were prepared • CAFM in South Asia (contd.) • Field Work and Flood Management Manual Development (contd.) Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  26. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • CAFM in South Asia (contd.) • Field Work and Flood Management Manual Development (contd.) • FMMs were then field-tested and wide-scale discussions were held with the local communities of the study areas • Based on the results of those field tests and discussions and further analysis, FMMs were revised • A synthesis of the three country-manuals was finally prepared Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  27. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • Sustainable Development: The Way Forward • From sustainable development, people have to be empowered through • improvement in their economic status and • enhancement of their social development on one hand, while on the other • improvement of their resilience and capacity to face natural disasters, which are likely to be more severe and more frequent due to climate change, more effectively Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  28. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • Climate Change in South Asia • Parts of South Asia are at the forefront of climate change, involving both natural and human systems (IPCC 2001), for example • Coastal and low-lying areas due to increased precipitation and floods, storm surges, and sea-level rises; widespread water-borne and vector-borne diseases • Severe droughts in parts of India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan but also in other countries; heat-related diseases. Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  29. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • Climate Change in South Asia (contd.) • Glaciers in the Himalayas are retreating with increasing melting due to global warming. This process will increase dry season flows and sediment loads in the Himalayas rivers in the short run. Over longer run, dry season flows in the rivers will decrease, with consequent economic, social, and environment problems Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  30. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • Climate Change in South Asia (contd.) • Adverse impact on the agriculture (crop, fishery, forestry, and livestock), industry, navigation • The poor and the disadvantaged, who have extremely limited economic capacity, and often live in marginal areas are liable to suffer the most Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  31. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • Climate change issues were not included in the CAFM exercise • But, people have shown keen awareness that severe floods are occurring more frequently in recent times • CAFM and Climate Change Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  32. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • From CAFM to Climate Change Adaptation • The Manuals have generated the following outputs for pre-flood, during-flood, and post-flood stages • Lists of challenges faced • Lists of activities the people themselves undertake to manage floods • Lists of activities on which people need capacity improvement, and the ways of achieving that capacity improvement Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  33. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • From CAFM to Climate Change Adaptation (contd.) • The Manuals (contd.) • Training, liaison with other local high level agencies are envisaged • And a key proposal is the setting up of Community Flood Management Committees (CFMCs) in cooperation with the local government institutions (Union Parishad in Bangladesh and Panchayet in India and Nepal). The members of the committee are drawn from various walks of life and sensitized and trained as required, by a facilitating organization Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  34. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • From CAFM to Climate Change Adaptation (contd.) • The Manuals (contd.) • The CFMC will plan, facilitate, organize training programmes, and undertake other community-level activities, facilitating by a relevant local/national institution, at pre-, during, and post-flood stages Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  35. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • The manuals were implemented, obviously, including setting up of CFMCs and training programmes conducted, in two areas in Bangladesh, two areas in Nepal, and one area in India; and found to be very beneficial • Although, the implementation has been very limited, the efficacy of the approach seems broadly validated. Wide-scale replication is needed • From CAFM to Climate Change Adaptation (contd.) Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  36. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • Once the capacity of the communities are, thus, enhanced to manage floods or other natural disasters, a major step will have been achieved towards adaptation to climate change • It will be necessary to incorporate climate risk assessments in the process, for which linkages with national and international sources of climate change information will be needed to be tapped • Also, linkages with national and international sources of assistance will be required • From CAFM to Climate Change Adaptation (contd.) Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

  37. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FROM COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO FLOOD VULNERABILITY REDUCTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SOUTH ASIA • Thank you Delhi CC&SD Workshop 7-8 April 2006

More Related