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Affective design & New Human Factors

Usability Tema: Æstetik og Usability 3. Forelæsning v/Magnus Nilsson. Affective design & New Human Factors. Wash and polish your car: doesn’t it drive better ? Donald A. Norman. Æstetik i en HCI-kontekst. 1. Usability og æstetik (?)

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Affective design & New Human Factors

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  1. Usability Tema: Æstetik og Usability 3. Forelæsning v/Magnus Nilsson Affective design &New Human Factors Wash and polish your car: doesn’t it drivebetter? Donald A. Norman

  2. Æstetik i en HCI-kontekst 1. Usability og æstetik (?) 2. Hvordan begrebsliggøres æstetik indenfor usability og HCI? 3. Hvilke konceptuelle og teoretiske fordele indebærer en fokusering på det æstetiske? 4. Perspektivering: Er fokuseringen på æstetik en måde at rode bod på fortidens synder?

  3. Definition af usability 1. Usability og æstetik? ISO-definitionen af usability: the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in specied context of use

  4. Definition af usability (2) 1. Usability og æstetik? Jakob Nielsens definition • Learnability • Efficiency • Memorability • Errors (lack of…) • Satisfaction

  5. Fraværet af æstetik i definition af usability 1. Usability og æstetik? Simpelhed! Learnability Efficiency Memorability Errors Satisfaction …the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in specied context of use

  6. Implicit reference til et begreb om æstetik 1. Usability og æstetik? Johann Joachim Winckelmann Æstetik = ”plurality in simplicity” • Tilvejebringelsen af det skønne med simple midler (Æstetisk minimalisme) Learnability Efficiency Memorability Errors Satisfaction …the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in specied context of use

  7. ’Satisfaction’ 1. Usability og æstetik? Fravær af forhindringer, af kompleksitet &c. Learnability Efficiency Memorability Errors Satisfaction …the extent towhich a productcan be used byspecified usersto achievespecified goalswitheffectiveness,efficiency andsatisfactionin speciedcontext of use

  8. Fokusering på æstetik 1. Usability og æstetik? Brugen teknologi er ikke længere kun relateret til arbejde… Workplace  Home Desktop Computing  Ubiquitous Computing

  9. 2. Æstetik i HCI? Jordan og New Human Factors Jordans hovedærinde:That human factors should move beyond usability based approches to design Reformulering af analyse-enhed:Pleasure based approaches to product design can be seen approaches that consider all of the potentiel benefits that a product can deliver

  10. ”…consider all the benefits” 2. Æstetik i HCI? Ansats til en bevægelse mod det æstetiske: Pleasure with products: The emotional, hedonic and practical benefits associated with products

  11. Kategorisering af ’pleasures’ 2. Æstetik i HCI? Type:Need/Appreciation Effekt: Fysisk Social Koginitiv/psykologisk Ide(ologisk) C.S. Lewis og Lionel Tiger

  12. ’Pleasures’ i traditionel Human Factors 2. Æstetik i HCI? Type:Need Effekt: Fysisk Koginitiv/psykologisk

  13. Case: Janet og New Human Factors 2. Æstetik i HCI? Need Appre-ciation

  14. Janet og traditionel Human Factors 2. Æstetik i HCI?

  15. Norman og affektivt design 2. Æstetik i HCI? Attractive things works better…http://www.jnd.org/dn.mss/Norman-EmotionAndDesign-InteractionsMag.pdf Smukke objekter  ændrer vores måde at tænke på. Smukke objekter = objekter der tilvejebringer tilfredsstillelse (satisfaction)

  16. Norman og affektivt design (2) 2. Æstetik i HCI? Imagine a plank 10 meters long and one meter wide. Place it on the ground. Can you walk on it? Of course—no problem. You can jump up and down, dance, and even walk along with your eyes shut. Now lift the plank three meters in the air. Can you walk on it? Yes, although more carefully. What if the plank were 200 meters in the air? Why would a simple task suddenly become so difficult— impossible, even?

  17. Norman og affektivt design (3) 2. Æstetik i HCI? Positiv affekt: ‘make us smart…’, får os til at tænke kreativt, overveje nye muligheder. Negativ affekt: Umuliggør selv simple opgaver Produkter der skal være effektive og lette at bruge må ikke forenledige negativ affekt… I.e. fokusering på simpelhed….

  18. New Human Factors og Æstetik 2. Æstetik i HCI? Det æstetiske: Fokus på oplevelser Fæomenologisk orienteret og hedonistisk funderet tilgang til æstetik. mennekser produkter Pleasure

  19. New Human Factors og Æstetik (2) 2. Æstetik i HCI? En sensualistisk tilgang Idemæssigt ophav hos David Hume: If we consider all the hypotheses, which we have form’d either by philosophy or common reason, to explain the difference bewitxt beauty and deformity, we shall find that all of them resolve into this, that beauty is such an order and construction of parts, as either by the primary constitution of our nature, by custom, or by caprice, is fitted to give a pleasure and satisfaction to the soul Treatise II, i, 8.

  20. 3. Konceptuelle og teoretiske fordele? • Deskriptiv kraft • Retorisk kraft • Inferentiel kraft • Bygge bro mellem teori og praksis

  21. SMS og New Human Factors 3. teoretiske fordele? Need Appre-ciation

  22. 4. PerspektiveringUser-Centred design revisited UCD: Mantra: Know thy user… Er fokuseringen på pleasures og æstetik i virkeligheden et forsøg på at re-formulere UCD’s kærnedyder?

  23. Rester af en Human Factors tænkning i New Human Factors 4. Perspektivering Donald Norman 1990 Many advances have been made in our understanding of the hardware and software of information processing systems, but one major gap remains: the inclusion of the human operator into the systems analysis ... The designer must consider all the properties of all the system components – including the humans –as well as their interactions

  24. A theory of practice… 4. Perspektivering Bonnie Nardi:There is a fundamental need for a theory of practice in human-computer interaction studies.Context and Consciousness: xii) Liam BannonFrom Human Factors to Human Actors

  25. Undersøgelsesmetoder til forståelsen af hverdagslighed og æstetik 4. Perspektivering • Etnografi (Chicago-skolen, Goffmann) • Contextual Design (Beyer og Holtzblatt) • Cultural Probes (Gaver) • Personas (Cooper) • Situated Action

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