The War of 1812

1. Chapter 5: Lesson 3 The War of 1812

2. TENSION ON THE FRONTIER Governor Hull was trying to attract ore American settlers to the Michigan Territory. Most of the territory still belonged to Native American groups. Hull set up meeting with Indian leaders to pressure them into selling the land to the United States of America.

3. TENSION ON THE FRONTIER In 1807 A group of Chippewa chiefs signed the Treaty of Detroit. Treaty of Detroit – A group of Chippewa Chiefs agreed to sell their land to the United States. Tecumseh was a Shawnee Chief who did not want to sell the land.

4. TENSION ON THE FRONTIER Tecumseh began to organize Indian groups from Michigan to the Golf of Mexico in and effort to slow down American settlement along the frontier. British officials and traders were happy to see the tension between the Native Americans and the settlers. British supplied the Native Americans with weapons. British navy also stopped American ships from sailing in the Atlantic ocean.

5. TENSION ON THE FRONTIER Many Americans angered by the actions of the British and the Indians. The only way to stop the attacks on the settlers and the ships was to fight back.Congress declared war on Britain in 1812. Beginning the War of 1812.

6. THE WAR IN MICHIGAN As soon as the war began, the British rushed into Michigan. August 1812 a group of British and Native American Soldiers landed on Mackinac Island.

7. The War in Michigan Under the cover of darkness, a 300-man force of British soldiers and Native American allies embarked from Fort St. Joseph and landed on the north shore of Mackinac Island . They dragged their cannon to the high ground behind the fort, took positions in the woods and prepared to attack. American soldiers, about 30, were completely surprised and outnumbered by the British invasion. They quickly surrendered without a fight following a single warning shot by the British. This was the first land engagement of the War of 1812 in the United States

9. The War in Michigan • Governor Hull was in charge of the Fort at Detroit. • The British began firing cannons at the city from across the river • British had the help of many Native American soldiers. • Worried that his army would be outnumbered. He surrendered Detroit.

10. The War in Michigan • Americans were determined to retake Detroit. • General William Henry Harrison sent an army from Ohio to drive the British away.

11. American troops met the British and Indians in a battle on the River Raisin near Monroe. • The battle resulted in many lives lost on both sides.

12. WAR ON THE WATER General Harrison’s plan to send troops over land to Detroit failed. He decided to take control of the Great Lakes. This would cut off an important British supply route to Detroit. General Harrison assigns Lieutenant Oliver Hazard Perry to set out to meet the British fleet at Put- in –Bay on Lake Erie.

13. WAR ON THE WATER Perry raised a blue flag high above his ship that read, Don’t Give Up the Ship. This was the signal to attack!!!!

14. War on the Water Perry’s ship was battered into pieces by British cannonballs. Perry took down his flag. Rowed in a small boat through gunfire to another ship and hoisted his flag again! After hours of close fighting the British surrendered. Perry sent famous message to General Harrison: “We have met the enemy, and they are ours.”

15. War on the Water • After the defeat at the Battle of Put-in-Bay, the British abandoned Detroit. • Indian leader Tecumseh was killed in a battle in Canada. • With their leader gone the Native Americans stopped fighting along side their British allies.

16. War on the Water • In 1814 the British and the Americans sign a treaty ending the war. • According to the treaty, Britain kept Canada and the United States kept its territory on the frontier.

17. The War Ends • The Americans fought hard to keep their new country independent during the war of 1812. • The British, the Americans, and the Native Americans all lost great leaders and young soldiers during this war of 1812.