11-1-07 Obj: To understand how America acquired New Lands

1. 11-1-07Obj: To understand how America acquired New Lands Focus: How do you convince your parents to give you more independence? How would a colonial population convince the U.S. to grant them self-Gov’t?

2. Acquiring New Lands Chapter 18 Section 3

3. Terms and Names Platt Amendment protectorate Emilio Aguinaldo Open Door notes John Hay Boxer Rebellion

4. Americans in Puerto Ricopg. 558(personal voice) • July 1898, General Miles told Puerto Ricans Americans were going to • Protect them and their property • Promote prosperity • Give you our government (offensive) • General Guy Henry doubted Puerto Ricans could govern themselves(don’t know what they want)

5. Puerto RicanAttitudes Toward Independence • Puerto Rico first welcomed American involvement • Thought it was an improvement over Spanish rule • “Yankee Peril” – the heavy handed tactics of the Americans • Didn’t like military government & attitude toward Puerto Ricans

6. Munoz Rivera • Asked for • End to military government • Requested US citizenship • Full local self – government

7. Puerto Rico wanted independence or statehood • US wanted Puerto Rico for: • US presence in the Caribbean • Protecting a future canal across the Isthmus of Panama

8. Foraker Act • Denied US citizenship to Puerto Ricans • Gave the president the power to appoint Puerto Rico’s governor • Puerto Ricans could only elect members of legislature’s lower house

9. The Insular Cases • US Supreme Court said the Constitution does not apply to territories • Extended citizenship in 1917 • Gave them the right to elect both houses of legislature

10. Cuba Becomes a Protectorate • Cuba was supposed to remain independent after the Spanish – American War • US military remained in control for four years after the war • Cubans that protested American occupation were jailed or exiled

11. Platt Amendment Added to the new Cuban Constitution • Cuba could not make treaties that might limit its independence • US reserved the right to intervene to preserve Cuban independence and maintain order • Cuba was not to go into debt • US could buy or lease land for naval and coaling stations(pg.560)

12. The American Army would not withdraw until Cuba adopted the Platt Amendment • Cubans protested the Amendment • 1903 – Cuba adopted it becoming a protectorate

13. Protecting American Business Interests America had to protect its economic interests SugarTobaccoMining RailroadsPublic Utilities

14. American businesses felt political control of the colonies was necessary • America withdrew from Cuba in 1902 but had to return 3 times to intervene • The United States established a base in Guantanamo Bay

15. Filipinos Rebel The native population of the Philippines were intent on independence Were outraged by American control Emilio Aguinaldo believed the United States betrayed the Filipinos

16. Philippine – American War • January 1899 Aguinaldo declared the Philippines an independent republic • February 1899 – Filipinos led an armed revolt (used guerilla tactics)

17. The Philippine – American War . . . • US used the same tactics they criticized the Spanish for • Forced Filipinos to live in designated zones • Starvation, poor sanitation and disease killed thousands

18. The Philippine American War. . . • Many African Americans fought in this war but were criticized for fighting a war about race • Many deserted and developed friendships with the Filipinos

19. The Philippine American War. . . • The Philippine – American War lasted three years • This war cost over $400 million (20 times the price the United States paid for the Philippine Islands in the Treaty of Paris).

20. After the War • The US set up a government in the Philippines similar to the government in Puerto Rico • From 1901 – 1904 William Howard Taft was the governor of the Philippines • Under American rule, the Philippines moved toward independence • Became independent July 4, 1946

21. China & the Open Door Policy • China was seen as a HUGE potential market for American products • Gave American investors opportunities for large – scale railroad

22. France, Germany, Britain, Japan and Russia had colonies on the coast of China by 1899 • Railroads and mining developments were in China’s interior • American leaders wanted to protect American investors and help the Chinese

23. John Hay • US Secretary of State • Open Door Notes • Allowed open access to China’s coastal ports • Eliminated special privileges for trading nations • Maintained independence

24. Rebellion in China • Many Chinese opposed the spread of Western influence in their country • The Boxers (a secret society) revolted to “drive out the foreign devils” • The Boxers killed missionaries and other foreigners

25. August 1900 • Troops from Britain, France, Germany, Japan and America marched on the Chinese capital • Within two months the forces put down the Boxer Rebellion • John Hay introduced more Open Door Notes

26. The Open Door policy supported three American beliefs 1) The growth of US economy depended on exports 2) The US had the right to intervene to keep foreign markets open 3) If an area was closed to American products, the survival of the US would be threatened

27. Justifying US Imperialism • Forced Americans to expand their knowledge of distant lands and people • Allowed Americans to show that “primitive savages” were capable of cultural advancement under US rule

28. Opposing Imperialism • Not all Americans supported Imperialism • Carl Schurz - politician • The cost of maintaining an American empire is too great • Mark Twain – writer • Americans should leave other cultures alone